Effects of a new fermented soya bean meal on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, intestinal immune status and digestive enzyme activities in piglets

Abstract

Background Fermented soya bean meal (FSBM) is believed to have improved nutritional qualities compared with soya bean meal (SBM) and is also cheaper than soya protein concentration (SPC) and fish meal (FM). Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of FSBM replacing SBM, SPC and FM in diets on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in digesta, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities, intestinal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and morphology in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty 28‐day‐old piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, body weight: 6.73 ± 1.14 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatment diets (six replicate pens with five piglets per pen) containing SBM, SPC, FM or FSBM as the protein source, respectively. Results Dietary FSBM supplementation improved average daily gain (p < 0.05), gain to feed ratio (p < 0.05), and digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and organic matter (p < 0.05) in pigs compared with those fed SBM during 0–14 days and reduced diarrhoea rate (p < 0.05) compared with those fed SBM and FM during 0–14 days. Moreover, pigs fed FBSM had greater IgA and IgM contents and antioxidase activities than those provided SBM and SPC on day 14. In addition, the butyrate concentration in the cecum of pigs fed FSBM was greater than those fed the other diets (p < 0.05), and the trypsin activity in duodenum and jejunum of pigs provided FSBM was greater than those fed SBM (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher villus height (p < 0.05) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05) and lower crypt depth (p < 0.05) in the duodenum of pigs fed FSBM were observed, and pigs fed FSBM had a lower (p < 0.05) TNF‐α concentration in jejunum compared with those fed SBM. Conclusions In conclusion, dietary FSBM supplementation to replace SBM, SPC and FM could improve piglets' growth performance, intestinal health and immune function.

Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Function, and Microbiota of Piglets Weaned at Different Age

“…A study has shown that the mixed solid-state fermentation of B. subtilis, Hansenula anomala, and Lactobacillus casei can improve the nutrient digestion of piglets (12). Another study showed that fermented feed can increase the concentration of butyric acid in the cecum of piglets (13). On the other hand, fermented diet can provide probiotics and their metabolites, which improve the digestibility of feed and the intestinal function of weaned piglets (14)(15)(16).…”

Replacement of fish meal with fermented plant proteins in the aquafeed industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Overall, this quantitative analysis confirms the improved digestive enzyme activity in experimental groups fed on FPPS. Enhancement of digestive enzyme activity upon dietary inclusion of FPPS in diets of aquaculture species 7,47,140,141 and other animal models 142–145 has been previously reported. Enzymes play a critical role in the breakdown of complex protein, lipid and carbohydrate structures into simpler forms (i.e., amino acids, fatty acids and monosaccharides respectively) to ease nutrient absorption hence improving the feed utilisation and growth performance of animals 20 .…”

Investigation of supplementation with a combination of fermented bean dregs and wheat bran for improving the growth performance of the sow

“…Studies have shown the utilization of supplemented fermented diets to modulate the intestinal microbial community structure and activity and enhance the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelial barrier [ 24 - 27 ]. In addition, a study indicated that fermented soya bean extracts reduce the adhesion of enterotoxigenic E. coli to intestinal epithelial cells in pigs and prevent diarrheal diseases [ 28 ]. Although the small intestine morphology was not investigated in this study, the positive effect of fermented forage on intestinal function may lead to the enhancement of nutrient digestion and absorption ability.…”

“…In addition, a study indicated that fermented soya bean extracts reduce the adhesion of enterotoxigenic E. coli to intestinal epithelial cells in pigs and prevent diarrheal diseases [28]. Although the small intestine morphology was not investigated in this study, the positive effect of fermented forage on intestinal function may lead to the enhancement of nutrient digestion and absorption ability.…”