Effects of a Multicomponent Cognitive Stimulation Program on Cognitive Function Improvement Among Elderly Women

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the effect of a multicomponent cognitive stimulation program (MCSP) on the improvement of older people's cognitive abilities. It also aimed to determine whether the effectiveness of the MCSP is related to age. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The program was conducted once a week for 10 weeks. The Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) was used to measure cognitive functions before and after the MCSP. Participants included 37 people aged over 65 years with normal cognitive functions and living in I city. A paired t-test was used to compare K-MoCA scores before and after the MCSP, and a two-way analysis of variance was performed to confirm whether there is an interaction between the MCSP and age. Results: It was found that the MCSP had a significant effect on improving cognitive functions (t ¼ À5.15, p < .001). Regarding the subdomains, visuospatial/executive ability, recall, naming, and language ability showed significant effects; however, abstractive abilitydwhich was not a focus of the programdshowed no significant effect. There were differences in visuospatial/executive functions, language skills, and memory between the 65-79 years age group and the aged over 80 group. Further, regarding the relationship between the MCSP and age, it was found that their interaction was significant only with regard to visuospatial/executive ability. Conclusion: The MCSP helps to improve the cognitive functions of the elderly; however, its effect differs between the young-old group and the old-old group. Therefore, age should be considered when developing MCSPs.

Effects on Language and Verbal Fluency of a Cognitive Stimulation Program in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

“…However, we have identified only few studies that analyzed the effect of these programs on the cognitive subdomain of language. The study by Park et al [40] also found significant differences in language skills with a similar number of sessions to our study, but with a pretest-posttest design and a multicomponent program. Regarding verbal fluency, we have identified three studies whose results agree with those obtained in our study: the global cognitive improvement in MMSE and the improvement of verbal fluency, with similar programs that work comprehensively on cognitive functions [37,45,49].…”

“…Similarly, other studies have shown cognitive benefits with different techniques in healthy older adults, regardless of their initial cognitive status [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. This reflects a general view that lack of cognitive activity accelerates cognitive decline [46] and that cognitive stimulation could optimize cognitive function [47,48] producing an increase in neuronal volume [49].…”

Effects of cognitive stimulation program on cognition and mood in older adults, stratified by cognitive levels: A randomized controlled trial

“…Regarding global cognition, the personalized and adapted program of CS achieved statistical significance between and within group improvements in the ND, SCI, and LD groups, post-intervention, and at months, and 12 months. Other authors found similar results between groups in participants with normal cognition (Polito et al, 2015;Schultheisz et al, 2018) and within group (P. Gamito et al, 2020;Park et al, 2019;Tarnanas et al, 2014); in participants with MCI bet-ween groups (Polito et al, 2015;Tsai et al, 2019), and within group (Llanero Luque et al, 2011), also including older adults from MCI to mild-to-moderate dementia bet-ween groups (J Alves et al, 2014) and within group (Kim et al, 2017) post-intervention; as well as an effect of interaction between session and group in participants with MCI (Moro et al, 2015) In agreement with our results, other authors also found no significant differences in participants with dementia, between groups (Capotosto et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2021;López et al, 2022), all of them administered adapted CS but with a higher number of sessions. Two of them applied participants living in a community and within group (Alvares-Pereira et al, 2021;J Alves et al, 2014;Capotosto et al, 2017;Cove et al, 2014;Gibbor et al, 2021;Justo-Henriques et al, 2021;López et al, 2022;Miranda-Castillo et al, 2013;Orrell et al, 2012;Orgeta et al, 2015), four of these studies applied to in younger aged older adults (J Alves et al, 2014;Cove et al, 2014;Justo-Henriques et al, 2021;Orgeta et al, 2015), and five administered adapted CS (Jorge Alves et al, 2014;Capotosto et al, 2017;Cove et al, 2014;Gibbor et al, 2021;…”

Cognitive Effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Programme on Trained Domains in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: Randomised Controlled Trial

“…Regarding the cognitive language domain, we obtained improvement even though language skills decrease with age [ 80 , 81 ] and SMC patients have lower scores on fluency tests [ 10 ]. Other studies also find linguistic improvement but with multi-component programmes [ 52 , 66 , 82 , 83 ] compared to our multi-domain programme specifically focused on the language domain.…”