Effects of a Mild and Prolonged Restriction in Sodium or Food Intake on the Circadian Rhythm of Aldosterone and Related Variables

Cugini, P; Murano, G; Lucia, P; Letizia, Claudio; Lisanu, M.; Scavo, D; Gillum, Richard F.; Lee, J. Y.; Halberg, Franz; Koga, Yoshinori

doi:10.3109/07420528709078531

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Studies have been performed under (i) sodium restriction (Cugini et al 1981(Cugini et al , 1985, (ii) episodic vs. continuous feeding (Blair-West and Brook 1969;Clarke et al 1978Clarke et al , 1988, and (iii) fasting conditions (Cugini et al 1987). In contrast, the impact of timed feeding on the chronobiology of the renin cascade remains controversial.…”

Section: Components Of the Renin Cascade Blood Pressure And Urinarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, the circadian clock influences many physiological and behavioral variables including locomotor activity, body temperature, and heart rate (Reppert and Weaver 2002;Van Esseveldt et al 2000). Peptides of the renin-angiotensin cascade oscillate with a circadian periodicity in humans (Cugini et al 1981(Cugini et al , 1984(Cugini et al , 1985(Cugini et al , 1986(Cugini et al , 1987Kawasaki et al 1990), and data from telemetry monitoring have consistently demonstrated that BP had a reproducible diurnal rhythm, with highest levels measured in the morning and lowest values around midnight (Staessen et al 1992;Smolensky and Haus 2001). Several factors have been shown to influence day-night variations of the systemic RAAS, including alterations in posture (Muller et al 1958), sleep cycles (Brandenberger et al 1985(Brandenberger et al , 1994, and age (Cugini et al 1985).…”

Section: Components Of the Renin Cascade Blood Pressure And Urinarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronobiology and Pharmacologic Modulation of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Dogs: What Have We Learned?

Mochel

Danhof

2015

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Vol. 169

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Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality with an increasing prevalence in human and canine populations. Recognition of the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivation in the pathophysiology of CHF has led to significant medical advances. By decreasing systemic vascular resistance and angiotensin II (AII) production, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as benazepril improve cardiac hemodynamics and reduce mortality in human and dog CHF patients. Although several experiments have pointed out that efficacy of ACE inhibitors depends on the time of administration, little attention is paid to the optimum time of dosing of these medications. A thorough characterization of the chronobiology of the renin cascade has the potential to streamline the therapeutic management of RAAS-related diseases and to help determining the optimal time of drug administration that maximizes efficacy of ACE inhibitors, while minimizing the occurrence of adverse effects. We have developed an integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model that adequately captures the disposition kinetics of the paradigm drug benazeprilat, as well as the time-varying changes of systemic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone biomarkers, without and with ACE inhibition therapy. Based on these chronobiological investigations, the optimal efficacy of ACE inhibitors is expected with bedtime dosing. The data further show that benazepril influences the dynamics of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, resulting in a profound decrease in AII and aldosterone (ALD), while increasing renin activity for about 24 h. From the results of recent investigations in human, it is hypothesized that reduction of AII and ALD is one of the drivers of increased survival and improved quality of life in dogs receiving ACE inhibitors. To support and consolidate this hypothesis, additional efforts should be directed toward the collection of circulating RAAS peptides in spontaneous cases of canine CHF. If such a link could be established, profiling of these biomarkers could support determination of the severity of heart failure, complement clinical and echocardiographic findings, and be used for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes.

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Section: Components Of the Renin Cascade Blood Pressure And Urinarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Components Of the Renin Cascade Blood Pressure And Urinarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronobiology and Pharmacologic Modulation of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Dogs: What Have We Learned?

Mochel

Danhof

2015

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Vol. 169

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“…Results from our previous research (Mochel et al, 2013) have shown that variables of the renin cascade and BP oscillate with a 24-h periodicity in dogs fed a regular diet at 07:00 h. In this earlier study, dietary sodium was found to have an influence on the chronobiology of RA and urinary aldosterone, indicating that varying feeding schedules could also impact the chronobiology of the renin cascade. Several authors have amply reviewed the effect of fasting (Cugini et al, 1987) and sodium restriction (Cugini et al, 1981(Cugini et al, , 1985 A p value for the rejection of the zero-amplitude hypothesis was derived from the difference in OFV between the fit of a straight line approximation of the mean, and that of a cosine function. A periodic rhythm was considered as statistically significant for a drop in OFV superior to 5.9 for RA, U K,fe , SBP and DBP, and 9.4 for U Na,fe (for a risk level : 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood pressure (BP) and biomarkers of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have been shown to oscillate with a circadian periodicity in humans (Cugini et al, 1981(Cugini et al, , 1984(Cugini et al, , 1985(Cugini et al, , 1986(Cugini et al, , 1987Kawasaki et al, 1990), and more recently in dogs (Mochel et al, 2013). Our previous results showed that variables of the renin-angiotensin system and BP oscillate with significant day-night differences in dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Studies have been performed under (i) sodium restriction (Cugini et al, 1981(Cugini et al, , 1985, (ii) episodic versus continuous feeding (Blair-West & Brook, 1969;Clarke et al, 1978) and (iii) fasting conditions (Cugini et al, 1987). However, investigations on the influence of feeding time on the periodicity of the RAAS have led to conflicting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Influence of feeding schedules on the chronobiology of renin activity, urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in dogs

Mochel

Fink

Bon

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

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The contribution of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension (HT) has long been recognized. Medications that are commonly used in the course of CHF and HT are most often given with morning food for the sake of convenience and therapeutic compliance. However, biological rhythms and their responsiveness to environmental clues such as food intake may noticeably impact the effectiveness of drugs used in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Only sparse information about the effect of feeding schedules on the biology of the RAAS and blood pressure (BP) is presently available. Two studies were designed to explore the chronobiology of renin activity (RA), BP, renal sodium (UNa,fe) and potassium (UK,fe) handling in relation to meal timing in dogs. In a first experiment (Study a), blood and urinary samples for measurement of RA, UNa,fe and UK,fe were drawn from 18 healthy beagle dogs fed a normal-sodium diet at either 07:00, 13:00 or 19:00 h. In a second experiment (Study b), BP was recorded continuously from six healthy, telemetered beagle dogs fed a similar diet at 07:00, or 19:00 h. Data were collected throughout 24-h time periods, and analyzed by means of nonlinear mixed-effects models. Differences between the geometric means of early versus late time after feeding observations were further compared using parametric statistics. In agreement with our previous investigations, the results indicate that RA, UNa,fe, UK,fe, systolic, and diastolic BP oscillate with a circadian periodicity in dogs fed a regular diet at 07:00 h. A cosine model with a fixed 24-h period was found to fit the variations of RA, UK,fe and BP well, whereas cyclic changes in UNa,fe were best characterized by means of a combined cosine and surge model, reflecting a postprandial sodium excretion followed by a monotonous decay. Our data show that feeding time has a marked influence on the chronobiology of the renin cascade, urinary electrolytes, and BP. Introducing a 6- or 12-h delay in the dogs' feeding schedule caused a shift of similar magnitude (05:06 and 12:32 h for Studies a and b, respectively) in the rhythm of these biomarkers. In all study groups, RA and BP exhibited a marked fall just after food intake. The drop in RA is consistent with sodium and water-induced body fluid expansion, while the reduction of BP could be related to the decreased activity of renin and the secretion of vasodilatory gut peptides. An approximately 1.5-fold (1.2-1.6-fold) change between the average early and late time after feeding observations was found for RA (p < 0.0001), UNa,fe (p < 0.01) and UK,fe (p < 0.05). Postprandial variations in BP, albeit small (ca. 10 mmHg), were statistically significant (p < 0.01) and supported by the model-based analysis. In conclusion, the timing of food intake appears to be pivotal to the circadian organization of the renin cascade and BP. This synchronizing effect could be mediated by feeding-related signals, such as dietary sodium, capable of entrain...

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Diurnal variation of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio in free-living Japanese individuals

et al. 2017

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High sodium-to-potassium ratios are associated with elevated blood pressure levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine whether urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios fluctuate diurnally during the day to understand measured values of casual urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios. A total of 13,277 casual urine specimens were collected under free-living conditions from 122 Japanese normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Participants collected all casual urine samples in aliquot tubes, reported urine volumes and the time at each voiding for 10–22 days. Then, specimens were classified into hourly data. Diurnal patterns of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios and urinary concentrations of sodium and potassium were evaluated. Overall mean values of hourly urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios were highest (4.1–5.0) in the early morning, lower (3.3–3.8) in the daytime and higher (4.0–4.4) toward evening hours. The mean urinary sodium and potassium concentrations were the lowest (90–110 and 24–32 mmol l−1, respectively) during the early morning and higher (110–140 and 35–43 mmol l−1, respectively) after mid-morning. Diurnal variability of potassium concentrations was larger than for sodium concentrations. Diurnal variations in urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios were comparable between normotensive and hypertensive individuals, between hypertensive individuals with and without antihypertensive medications, and among age and gender-specific subgroups. Overall mean hourly urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios fluctuated diurnally under free-living conditions and were higher during the morning and evening and lower during the daytime compared with 24-h urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios. Diurnal variation in urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios should be considered to understand actual daily dietary levels and avoid over- and under-estimation in clinical practice.

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Effects of a Mild and Prolonged Restriction in Sodium or Food Intake on the Circadian Rhythm of Aldosterone and Related Variables

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Chronobiology and Pharmacologic Modulation of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Dogs: What Have We Learned?

Chronobiology and Pharmacologic Modulation of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Dogs: What Have We Learned?

Influence of feeding schedules on the chronobiology of renin activity, urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in dogs

Diurnal variation of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio in free-living Japanese individuals

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