Effects of a low–glycemic index diet during pregnancy on offspring growth, body composition, and vascular health: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Kizirian, Nathalie; Kong, Yang; Muirhead, Roslyn; Brodie, Shannon; Garnett, Sarah P.; Petocz, Peter; Sim, Kyra; Celermajer, David S.; Louie, Jimmy Chun Yu; Markovic, Tania; Ross, Glynis P.; Ward, Leigh C.; Brand-Miller, Jennie; Skilton, Michael R.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.123695

Cited by 36 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, the results for body composition of the infant are less clear. In women at risk of gestational diabetes, a low-GI diet influences offspring birth weight, birth length, and arterial wall thickness in early childhood, but not adiposity or growth trajectory during the first year of life [62]. The results for body composition of the infant may depend on pregnancy stage because of relative changes in infant muscle and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Pregnancy Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Low Glycemic Index Prototype Isomaltulose—Update of Clinical Trials

Maresch

Petry

Theis³

et al. 2017

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low glycemic index diets are supposed to achieve a more beneficial effect on blood glucose control in people with diabetes mellitus and may also provide metabolic benefits for the general population. A prototype of a low-glycemic index carbohydrate is the natural occurring disaccharide isomaltulose that can be commercially produced from sucrose (beet sugar) to industrial scale. It is currently used in various food and drink applications as well as special and clinical nutrition feeds and formula diet as a food ingredient and alternative sugar. Here we provide an overview on clinical trials with isomaltulose including an analysis of its effects on glycemia and fat oxidation as compared to high glycemic index sugars and carbohydrates. In addition, we discuss recent reports on beneficial effects in weight-loss maintenance and pregnancy.

show abstract

Section: Pregnancy Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Low Glycemic Index Prototype Isomaltulose—Update of Clinical Trials

Maresch

Petry

Theis³

et al. 2017

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The low glycaemic index (GI) diet in pregnancy is associated with improvements in dietary intakes, 1-3 reduced gestational weight gain (GWG), 1,3 and improved glycaemic response. 4 While much research has explored offspring outcomes relating to dietary intakes and GI in pregnancy, [5][6][7][8][9] there is a paucity of research relating to long-term maternal outcomes following a low-GI diet in pregnancy. Long-term follow up of pregnancy intervention studies is required to develop an understanding of the impact of maternal diet during a key life stage on future health, and to assess whether lifestyle behaviours are sustained in the postpartum period after the intervention has ended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five‐year follow up of a low glycaemic index dietary randomised controlled trial in pregnancy—no long‐term maternal effects of a dietary intervention

O’Brien

Geraghty

O’Sullivan

et al. 2018

BJOG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To determine whether a dietary intervention in pregnancy had a lasting effect on maternal outcomes of diet, HbA1c and weight retention 5 years post‐intervention; and to establish whether modifiable maternal behaviours were associated with these outcomes. Design Randomised control trial of low glycaemic index (GI) diet in pregnancy with longitudinal follow up to 5 years post‐intervention. Setting Dublin, Ireland (2007–2016). Population In all, 403 women of 759 (53.1%) were followed up at 5 years. A total of 370 (intervention n = 188; control n = 182) were included in this analysis. Methods Fasting glucose was measured at 13 and 28 weeks’ gestation and HbA1c (mmol/mol) at 5‐year follow up. Weight retention (kg) from early pregnancy to 5 years post‐intervention was calculated. Dietary intakes, anthropometry, and lifestyle factors were measured in pregnancy and 5 years post‐intervention. Multiple linear regression models, controlling for confounders, were used for analysis. Outcome Maternal diet, HbA1c, and weight retention at 5 years post‐intervention. Results There was no difference between the intervention and control at 5 years post‐intervention for any long‐term maternal outcomes measured. HbA1c at 5 years post‐intervention was associated with early‐pregnancy fasting glucose (B 1.70, 95% CI 0.36–3.04) and parity ≥3 (B 1.04, 95% CI 0.09–1.99). Weight retention was associated with change in well‐being from pregnancy to 5 years (B −0.06, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.02), gestational weight gain (B 0.19, 95% CI 0.00–0.38), and GI (B 0.26, 95% CI 0.06–0.46) at 5 years. Conclusions The ROLO low‐GI dietary intervention in pregnancy had no impact on maternal dietary intakes, HbA1c or body composition 5 years post‐intervention. Maternal factors and lifestyle behaviours in pregnancy have long‐term effects on glucose metabolism and weight retention up to 5 years later. Tweetable abstract Pregnancy factors are associated with maternal glucose metabolism and weight retention 5 years later—findings from the ROLO Study.

show abstract

“…Increased maternal glycemia is associated with excessive growth and adiposity, 1 23 poor vascular health, 24 and increased risk of metabolic disorders and obesity in the offspring. 10 25 Higher glycemic variability, even of a modest degree, has been linked to higher fetal ponderal index, independently of glycated haemoglobin, in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 In a self-selected subgroup of pregnant women at high risk of GDM, a low GI diet resulted in improved infant weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores and thinner carotid intima-media thickness at 1 year of age. 24 In women with a history of macrosomia, a low GI diet improved glucose tolerance and gestational weight gain, although not the risk of macrosomia. 29 In this study, improvement in maternal glucose levels on the low GL diet was achieved by reducing the proportion of energy as carbohydrate (from 50% to 40%E), as well as by replacing high GI sources of carbohydrate with low GI sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower glycemic load meals reduce diurnal glycemic oscillations in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes

Kizirian

Goletzke

Brodie

et al. 2017

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveMaternal glycemia plays a key role in fetal growth. We hypothesized that lower glycemic load (GL) meals (lower glycemic index, modestly lower carbohydrate) would substantially reduce day-long glucose variability in women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Research design and methodsA crossover study of 17 women (mean±SD age 34.8±4 years; gestational weeks 29.3±1.3; body mass index 23.8±4.7 kg/m2) who consumed a low GL or a high GL diet in random order, 1-day each, over 2 consecutive days. Diets were energy-matched and fiber-matched with 5 meals per 24 hours. All food was provided. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to assess diurnal glycemia.ResultsMaternal glucose levels were 51% lower on the low GL day with lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC±SEM 549±109 vs 1120±198 mmol/L min, p=0.015). Glycemic variability was significantly lower on the low GL day, as demonstrated by a lower average SD (0.7±0.1 vs 0.9±0.1, p<0.001) and lower mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (2.1±0.2 vs 2.7±0.2 mmol/L, p<0.001).ConclusionsA lower GL meal plan in pregnancy acutely halves day-long maternal glucose levels and reduces glucose variability, providing further evidence to support the utility of a low GL diet in pregnancy.

show abstract

Effects of a low–glycemic index diet during pregnancy on offspring growth, body composition, and vascular health: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Low Glycemic Index Prototype Isomaltulose—Update of Clinical Trials

Low Glycemic Index Prototype Isomaltulose—Update of Clinical Trials

Five‐year follow up of a low glycaemic index dietary randomised controlled trial in pregnancy—no long‐term maternal effects of a dietary intervention

Lower glycemic load meals reduce diurnal glycemic oscillations in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About