Effects of a low and a high dietary LA/ALA ratio on long-chain PUFA concentrations in red blood cells

Greupner, Theresa; Kutzner, Laura; Pagenkopf, Svenja; Kohrs, Heike; Hahn, Andreas; Schebb, Nils Helge

doi:10.1039/c8fo00735g

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Regarding the conversion of ALA into n-3 PUFA studies have shown that a higher intake of ALA increases the levels of EPA in erythrocytes in humans (Barceló-Coblijn et al, 2008; Table 4. Goyens et al, 2006;Greupner et al, 2018). In our study, vegans consumed 190% more ALA than omnivores and no significant differences were observed in the intake of LA between groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…This differential pattern could be related to (1) the low rate of conversion of ALA to DHA in humans (less than 1%) (Brenna et al, 2009), or (2) the preferential incorporation of preformed EPA and DHA into these tissues. Regarding the conversion of ALA into n‐3 PUFA studies have shown that a higher intake of ALA increases the levels of EPA in erythrocytes in humans (Barceló‐Coblijn et al, 2008; Goyens et al, 2006; Greupner et al, 2018). In our study, vegans consumed 190% more ALA than omnivores and no significant differences were observed in the intake of LA between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet, Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Spermatozoa Fatty Acid Composition Changes in Young Vegan Men

Chamorro

González

Aliaga

et al. 2020

Lipids

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There has been increasing interest in vegan diets, but how this dietary pattern regulates tissue fatty acids (FA), especially in men, is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a vegan diet on plasma, erythrocyte, and spermatozoa FA composition in young men. Two groups consisting of 67 young (18-25 years old) men were studied. One group following an omnivore diet but did not consume fish, shellfish or other marine foods (control, n = 33), and another group following a vegan diet (vegan, n = 34) for at least 12 months were compared. Dietary intake was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-h recall. FA composition was measured in plasma, erythrocyte phospholipids, and spermatozoa by gas-liquid chromatography. Compared to controls, the vegan group had higher reported intakes of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins (C, E, K, and folate), and minerals (copper, potassium) but lower intakes of cholesterol, trans FA, vitamins B 6 , D, and B 12 , and minerals (calcium, iron, and zinc). Vegan's reported a lower saturated FA and not arachidonic acid intake, both groups did not intake eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but vegan's showed a higher alpha linolenic acid ALA intake. Vegans had higher plasma, erythrocyte phospholipid, and spermatozoa ALA, but lower levels of other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), especially DHA. Vegans were characterized by higher ALA, but lower levels of other n-3 PUFA, especially DHA in plasma, erythrocytes, and spermatozoids. The biological significance of these findings requires further study.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Spermatozoa Fatty Acid Composition Changes in Young Vegan Men

Chamorro

González

Aliaga

et al. 2020

Lipids

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“…Our results revealed a PUFA/SFA ratio (0.07-0.09) considerably lower than 0.45 and a ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA (1.49-1.92) within the recommended levels. There is a debate about the optimal dietary ratio of the parent n-6 FA linoleic acid to the n-3 FA ALA to promote efficient conversion of ALA to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, both of which have positive implications for human health [46]. In the present study, linoleic acid decreased towards the end of lactation, while ALA remained constant; thus, the lowest ratio of these FAs was observed when milk production decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Variation in Milk Composition and Fatty Acid Profile during the Lactation of Araucana Creole Ewes in a Pasture-Based System

Inostroza

Bravo

Larama

et al. 2020

Animals

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Araucana creole sheep are a local animal genetic resource adapted to environmental conditions in rural production systems in southern Chile. The aim of the present study was to analyze the milk yield and composition of Araucana creole ewe’s milk from ewes maintained in a traditional grazing system of natural pastures. Twenty healthy single-bearing Araucana creole ewes were selected immediately after lambing (body condition score (BCS) of 2.8 ± 0.2, ewe weight (EW) of 62 ± 3.5 kg, and age of 3.8 ± 0.7 years). BCS, EW, and lamb weights were determined. Milk samples were obtained using the oxytocin technique at 10 days postpartum and then twice a month during the lactation stage (90 days). Protein, fat, lactose, total solids (TS), solid non-fat (SNF), urea contents, and fatty acid (FA) composition were analyzed. The Araucana ewe’s milk yield was lower than that of other dairy sheep but was higher than that of meat breeds. The milk fat had a higher content of oleic acid in the early lactation period, which decreased slowly according to the progress of lactation. The increase in oleic acid improved the milk health indexes during this period and thus provided a healthier milk product for human consumption than later in lactation. During lactation, higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels were obtained only at day 60. Our research suggests that Araucana creole sheep can provide high-quality milk during early lactation, which is rich in oleic acid and represents an alternative for the production of dairy products, improving the profitability of the productive systems of small-holder farmers in Chile.

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“…The LA:ALA ratios for our study population-−8.98 for non-vegetarians and 9.90 for vegetarians—are lower compared to the US adolescent population (weighted mean = 11.1). A lower LA:ALA ratio is considered favorable since the dietary ratio of LA (the parent n-6) to ALA (the parent n-3) had been shown to affect ALA conversion to the physiologically important very long-chain n-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, in the red blood cells (36, 37). A lower LA intake and a LA:ALA ratio <10 may improve this conversion and also reduce arachidonic acid (37), the precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Meat: A Comparison of the Dietary Intakes of Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian Adolescents

et al. 2019

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Dietary intake of adult vegetarians from large prospective studies has been well-characterized but is rarely reported in vegetarian adolescents. Our objective was to describe and compare the dietary intake of vegetarian adolescents with their non-vegetarian counterparts in a population known to espouse healthy living. Adolescents ( n = 534) aged 12–18 years old from middle and high schools near major Adventist universities in Michigan and Southern California provided dietary, demographic, and anthropometric data. Dietary intake was measured with a validated 151-item self-administered web-based food frequency questionnaire; weight and height were measured during school visits. Vegetarian was defined as the combined intake of meat, meat derivatives, poultry, and fish of <1 serving per week. Descriptive statistics and ANCOVA were used to compare the intake of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Vegetarians significantly ate more fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods, but significantly less foods of animal origin, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee/tea compared to non-vegetarians. Vegetarians had significantly higher intakes of carbohydrates and total protein but lower intakes of fats, animal protein, and zinc compared to their counterparts. A majority (75% or more) of both groups met the 2015 Dietary Guidelines' age-and-gender-specific recommendations for most nutrients but only 16–18% of vegetarians/non-vegetarians did not exceed the upper limit for sodium. More vegetarians (49%) than non-vegetarians (25%) had <10% of their caloric intake from SFA. More than 90% of both groups met dairy recommendations, but greater proportions of vegetarians met recommendations for vegetables, fruits, nuts/soy products, and legumes than non-vegetarians. Of the non-vegetarians, only 7% and 44% met the fish and meats/poultry/eggs recommendation, respectively, which none of the vegetarians met. Compared to the general US adolescent population, both diet groups ate more fruits, vegetables, dairy and protein foods, and also consumed more micronutrients but less macronutrients. Overall, vegetarian adolescents have a more favorable dietary intake profile than non-vegetarians, but both vegetarians and non-vegetarians in this study population have a more adequate diet than the general US adolescent population. The influence of the Adventist plant-based diet culture that is translated both at home and at school is evident in our findings.

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Effects of a low and a high dietary LA/ALA ratio on long-chain PUFA concentrations in red blood cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Diet, Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Spermatozoa Fatty Acid Composition Changes in Young Vegan Men

Diet, Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Spermatozoa Fatty Acid Composition Changes in Young Vegan Men

Variation in Milk Composition and Fatty Acid Profile during the Lactation of Araucana Creole Ewes in a Pasture-Based System

Beyond Meat: A Comparison of the Dietary Intakes of Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian Adolescents

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