Effects of a lipid-based nutrient supplement during pregnancy and lactation on maternal plasma fatty acid status and lipid profile: Results of two randomized controlled trials

Oaks, Brietta M.; Young, Rebecca; Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth; Ashorn, Per; Jackson, Kristina Harris; Lartey, Anna; Maleta, Kenneth; Okronipa, Harriet; Sadalaki, John; Baldiviez, Lacey M.; Shahab-Ferdows, Setti; Ashorn, Per; Dewey, Kathryn G.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.007

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Previous studies in elderly adults have reported associations between Vitamin B12 status and verbal fluency (Bourre, ; Robins Wahlin, Wahlin, Winblad, & Backman, ). As stated above, no effects of LNS supplementation were found on breastmilk concentrations of DHA (Oaks et al, ), but breastmilk Vitamin B12 concentration was higher in both the LNS and MMN groups compared to IFA (Haber‐Donohue, personal communication). However, the associations of DHA and Vitamin B12 with executive function and working memory were independent of supplementation with LNS, because adjusting for intervention arm did not reduce the magnitude of these associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another potential explanation is that the higher amount of the omega‐6 fatty acid LA (4.6 g/day) compared to the omega‐3 fatty acid ALA (0.6 g/day) in LNS inhibited the synthesis of DHA (Harnack, Andersen, & Somoza, ), thus negatively affecting visuospatial performance. However, no effects of LNS supplementation were found on AA or DHA status, measured in plasma at 36 weeks gestation or in breastmilk at 6 months post‐partum (Oaks et al, ), suggesting that no such inhibition occurred. In addition, concurrent DHA status was not associated with visuospatial scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breastmilk samples were collected at a home visit. Breastmilk DHA (percentage by weight of total fatty acids) was assessed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection using a GC‐2010 (Shimadzu Corporation, Columbia, MD) equipped with a SP‐2560, 100‐m fused silica capillary column (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA; Oaks et al, ). Breastmilk concentrations of Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, and B12 were assessed at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and post‐partum with maternal cognition and caregiving

Prado

Phuka

Maleta

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Pregnant and post‐partum women require increased nutrient intake and optimal cognition, which depends on adequate nutrition, to enable reasoning and learning for caregiving. We aimed to assess (a) differences in maternal cognition and caregiving between women in Malawi who received different nutritional supplements, (b) 14 effect modifiers, and (c) associations of cognition and caregiving with biomarkers of iron, Vitamin A, B‐vitamin, and fatty acid status. In a randomized controlled trial (n = 869), pregnant women daily received either multiple micronutrients (MMN), 20 g/day lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS), or a control iron/folic acid (IFA) tablet. After delivery, supplementation continued in the MMN and LNS arms, and the IFA control group received placebo until 6 months post‐partum, when cognition (n = 712), caregiving behaviour (n = 669), and biomarkers of nutritional status (n = 283) were assessed. In the full group, only one difference was significant: the IFA arm scored 0.22 SD (95% CI [0.01, 0.39], p = .03) higher than the LNS arm in mental rotation. Among subgroups of women with baseline low hemoglobin, poor iron status, or malaria, those who received LNS scored 0.4 to 0.7 SD higher than the IFA arm in verbal fluency. Breastmilk docosahexaenoic acid and Vitamin B12 concentrations were positively associated with verbal fluency and digit span forward (adjusting for covariates ps < .05). In this population in Malawi, maternal supplementation with MMN or LNS did not positively affect maternal cognition or caregiving. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid and B12 status may be important for post‐partum attention and executive function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and post‐partum with maternal cognition and caregiving

Prado

Phuka

Maleta

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…In Ghana, maternal supplementation with LNS during pregnancy increased birth size, particularly among infants of first-time mothers (Adu-Afarwuah et al, 2015), and mean attained length at 18 months of age was higher among children in the comprehensive maternal and child LNS supplementation group . In the mothers, those in the LNS group were less likely to experience inadequate weight gain during pregnancy (Adu-Afarwuah et al, 2017a) and had improved essential fatty-acid status during pregnancy and postpartum (Oaks et al, 2017), and those who received LNS or MMN had improved vitamin B 12 (Shahab-Ferdows et al, 2019) and iodine status (Adu-Afarwuah et al, 2018) but did not differ in anaemia, iron status, or breast milk vitamin A concentration at 6 months postpartum or in household food insecurity, compared with those who received IFA (Adams et al, 2017;Adu-Afarwuah et al, 2017b;Klevor et al, 2016).…”

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The impact of maternal supplementation during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum on the growth status of the next child born after the intervention period: Follow‐up results from Bangladesh and Ghana

Adams

Adu‐Afarwuah

Mridha

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Pregnancy and breastfeeding make demands on maternal nutrient stores. The extent of depletion and the degree to which nutrient stores are replenished between pregnancies has implications for a mother's nutritional status at conception of the subsequent child and therefore that child's birth outcomes and growth. Using follow‐up data collected several years after a randomized effectiveness trial conducted in rural Bangladesh and a randomized efficacy trial conducted in semiurban Ghana, we evaluated the impact of maternal supplementation with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) or multiple micronutrients (MMN) through pregnancy (the index pregnancy) and 6 months postpartum on the growth status of the next living younger sibling conceived and born after the index pregnancy. In both Bangladesh (n = 472 younger siblings) and Ghana (n = 327 younger siblings), there were no overall differences in the growth status or the prevalence of undernutrition among younger siblings whose mothers had received LNS (or MMN, Ghana only) during and after the index pregnancy compared with the younger siblings of mothers who had received iron plus folic acid (IFA) during the index pregnancy (Ghana) or during and for 3 months after the index pregnancy (Bangladesh). These findings do not indicate that preconception nutrition interventions do not improve child growth. Rather, they suggest that any benefits of maternal LNS or MMN supplementation during one pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum are unlikely to extend to the growth of her next child beyond any effects due to IFA alone.

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“…Cholesterol plays a key role in embryonic and fetal development as it is an essential component of the cell membrane and determines membrane fluidity and passive permeability (Champe & Harvey, ). It also plays important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation and cell‐to‐cell communication (Oaks et al, ). Cholesterol can be obtained from the diet and can be synthesized endogenously through cholesterol biosynthesis pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low serum fatty acid levels in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis: A prospective study

Centofanti

Francisco

Phillippi

et al. 2018

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Fetal gastroschisis is a paraumbilical abdominal wall defect with herniation of abdominal organs. The underlying cause of the disease remains unknown; however, studies suggest that nutritional factors may play a role in its development. This prospective case-control study explored the association of serum fatty acid levels of pregnant women and occurrence of gastroschisis. Gastroschisis group comprised 57 pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis, and the control group comprised 114 pregnant women with normal fetuses. Serum fatty acids levels were compared between the groups for the overall pregnancy at <34 weeks; ≤25 weeks, and >25 and <34 weeks; and at delivery. Total fatty acids (p = .008), unsaturated fatty acids (p = .002), and the C18:1n9/C18:00 ratio (p = .021) were lower in the gastroschisis group than in the control group during the overall pregnancy; however, the C16:00/C18:2n6 ratio (p = .018) was higher in the gastroschisis group than in the control group during the same period. Total fatty acids (p = .044) and unsaturated fatty acids (p = .024) were lower in the gastroschisis group at ≤25 weeks, and unsaturated fatty acid (p = .025) and the C18:1n9/C18:00 ratio (p = .013) were lower in the gastroschisis group than in the control group at >25 and <34 weeks. Pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis have low serum fatty acids levels during pregnancy. These findings suggest that fatty acids levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of fetal gastroschisis.

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Effects of a lipid-based nutrient supplement during pregnancy and lactation on maternal plasma fatty acid status and lipid profile: Results of two randomized controlled trials

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Associations of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and post‐partum with maternal cognition and caregiving

Associations of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and post‐partum with maternal cognition and caregiving

The impact of maternal supplementation during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum on the growth status of the next child born after the intervention period: Follow‐up results from Bangladesh and Ghana

Low serum fatty acid levels in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis: A prospective study

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