Effects of a laser surface processing induced heat-affected zone on the fatigue behavior of AISI 4340 steel

Experimental characterization of laser cladding of CPM 9V on H13 tool steel for die repair applications

“…Laser cladding is an example of a directed energy deposition process. As compared to the conventional methods for repair, the laser-based deposition techniques, such as laser cladding yields minimum dilution and a relatively narrow HAZ [7,11]. This relatively narrow HAZ results in minimal deformation and residual stress along with high dimensional accuracy of the final components [17,11].…”

Lasers Based Manufacturing

“…As the metal powder passes through the laser beam, it is melted and deposited in the melt pool created by the laser beam on the metal substrate. Compared to the conventional repair methods, laser cladding process yields minimum dilution of the cladded layer by the elements from the substrate or vice versa thereby resulting in a very small HAZ (Hu et al 1998a, b;Mc Daniels et al 2008). In addition, laser cladded material exhibits 140 S. Paul et al mechanical properties equivalent to those of similar alloys in the wrought condition.…”

“…By completely fusing the feedstock material, metal powders are directly transformed into fully dense solid objects composed of metallurgical bonded tracks of material that require no final finishing. The relatively small HAZ therefore results in tiny deformation and stress along with high dimensional accuracy and integrity of the final products Mc Daniels et al 2008). Partial overlapping of individual tracks in a suitable pattern produces a continuous layer of material.…”

“…However, high dilution allows stronger bonding between the clad and base material and in some case may have beneficial properties (Schneider 1998). Therefore the weakest point in a laser cladded component is the clad/HAZ interface due to inconsistent dilution/ fusion (Mc Daniels 2008;Schneider 1998;Pinkerton et al 2008). In the HAZ, the substrate material is heated to a temperature below the melting temperature and cooled at a lower rate than the coating surface.…”

“…Therefore the weakest point in a laser cladded component is the clad/HAZ interface due to inconsistent dilution/ fusion (Mc Daniels 2008;Schneider 1998;Pinkerton et al 2008). This trend can lead to microstructural changes in the HAZ that are difficult to control and could have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the part (Mc Daniels et al 2008). This trend can lead to microstructural changes in the HAZ that are difficult to control and could have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the part (Mc Daniels et al 2008).…”