Effects of a herbal formulation, KGC3P, and its individual component, nepetin, on coal fly dust-induced airway inflammation

Abstract

Coal fly dust (CFD)-induced asthma model is used as an ambient particulate matter model of serious pulmonary damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of ginseng and Salvia plebeia R. Br extract (KGC-03-PS; KG3P) and its individual components (hispidulin, nepetin and rosmarinic acid) in a CFD-induced mouse model of airway inflammation (asthma). We also evaluated signal transduction by KG3P and its individual components in the alveolar macrophage cell line, MH-S cells. In vitro, KG3P and its individual components inhibited nitric oxide production and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in coal fly ash (CFA)-induced inflammation in MH-S cells. Moreover, in the CFD-induced asthma model in mice, KG3P and its predominant individual component, nepetin, inhibited Asymmetric Dimethyl arginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethyl arginine (SDMA) in serum, and decreased the histopathologic score in the lungs. A significant reduction in the neutrophils and immune cells in BALF and lung tissue was demonstrated, with significant reduction in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, IRAK-1 localization was also potently inhibited by KG3P and nepetin. Thus, KG3P extract can be considered as a potent candidate for amelioration of airway inflammation.

Duchesnea indica Extract Attenuates Coal Fly Ash-Induced Inflammation in Murine Alveolar Macrophages through the NF-Kappa B Pathway

“…e major compounds in the DIE were determined via GC-MS analysis: 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5dihydroxy-6-methyl-(4H)-pyran-4-one; hexadecanoic acid; [28]. It has been reported that chronic exposure of PM is related to chronic inflammatory diseases especially severe lung diseases including chronic respiratory diseases, COPD, asthma, and mainly lung cancer [1,29]. Inflammatory disorders cause excessive production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, which are the critical factors of many pathological and clinical manifestations [30].…”

“…e activation with CFA leads to the inflammatory pathway, wherein NF-κB signaling is a key axis in the inflammatory mechanism [1,9]. Treatment with CFA significantly induced the phosphorylation of NF-κB and inhibitor of kappa-B (IκB), whereas the pretreatment of the DIE significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκB in MH-S cells (Figures 5(d) and 5(e)).…”

“…Coal fly ash (CFA) is a major environmental factor of air pollution, which is produced regularly due to industrial activities and the use of motor vehicles in the urban areas [1]. CFA consists of liquid and solid particulate matters that vary in size and origin, including coal, combustion particles, and asbestos [1,2]. Nanoparticles can retain for a long period of time in the atmosphere and easily move in the air.…”

Isoleucilactucin Ameliorates Coal Fly Ash-Induced Inflammation through the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in MH-S Cells

“…Inflammation is a critical aspect of the immune response against cell damage and pathogens, which also provides a defense mechanism to remove harmful stimuli [1][2][3]. Increased movement of plasma and leukocytes from the blood into wounded regions causes acute inflammation, which is an initial response of the organism to damaging stimuli.…”

Nepetin, a Flavonoid Derived From Saussureae Involucratae, Suppresses The LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Cultured Human Keratinocytes

“…In human retinal pigment epithelial cells, application of nepetin decreased the phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK and MAPK: the IC 50 of NO release was at < 7 µM of nepetin [17,19,20]. Furthermore, nepetin inhibited asthma, induced by coal y dust [21]. However, the potential of nepetin in treating atopic dermatitis has not been fully reported.…”