Effects of a Diet Higher in Carbohydrate/Lower in Fat Versus Lower in Carbohydrate/Higher in Monounsaturated Fat on Postmeal Triglyceride Concentrations and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes

Strychar, Irène; Cohn, Jeffrey S.; Renier, Geneviève; Rivard, Mélina; Aris-Jilwan, Nahla; Beauregard, H; Meltzer, S. J.; Bélanger, André; Dumas, R; Ishac, Alain; Radwan, Farouk; Yale, Jean‐François

doi:10.2337/dc08-2322

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…More importantly, in some of these studies, test meal composition was according to diet composition, and the LFHC meal had less (14,20), or no (65) fat compared with the HFMUFA meal; therefore, this effect was expected, since meal total fat amount is the main determinant of PPL (14,20,65). However, other studies found benefits of a HFMUFA vs. a LFHC diet, even if the test meal was according to diet composition and therefore of greater fat (24,33,68,79).…”

Section: Amount and Type Of Fatmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Several studies have compared the effects on PPL of a diet high in total fat and MUFA (HFMUFA) (olive oil) vs. low in fat and high in carbohydrates (LFHC) and/or vs. a diet high in fat and SFA (HFSFA) (butter). Many (21,24,33,34,39,46,68,69,76,79,90), but not all (4,14,20,26,65,70,71,85), found that the HFMUFA diet was superior to the other two diets in several aspects of postprandial TAG metabolism in both healthy and nonhealthy volunteers (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Amount and Type Of Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physiology in Medicine: update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle

Maraki

Sidossis

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maraki MI, Sidossis LS. Update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 309: E440 -E449, 2015. First published July 7, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00245.2015.-This review updates the effect of lifestyle on plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) in the postprandial state, commonly reported as postprandial lipemia (PPL), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Numerous studies have shown that Mediterranean diet may reduce PPL. However, most of these studies were focused on the type of fat (i.e., monounsaturated fat from olive oil), and the other components of the Mediterranean lifestyle were neglected. Physical activity, an integral part of this lifestyle, is widely investigated on its own and shown to reduce PPL. In addition, preliminary results of studies examining other Mediterranean "ingredients", such as legumes, fish, and herbs, showed additional benefits; however, data on the long-term effects are limited. More studies are needed to confirm short-term results and investigate the effects of the whole Mediterranean lifestyle on PPL and whether these effects mediate its protective role on CVD. Moreover, investigation of the effects in nonhealthy populations and the underlying mechanisms would be clinically helpful in individualizing the appropriate intervention.triglycerides; olive; physical activity; diet; lipid metabolism FREE-LIVING HUMANS spend most of their time in a nonfasting, postprandial state; however, routine health screening is performed in the fasting state. Regarding lipids [mainly triacylglycerols (TAG) and their carriers, TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRL)], the most profound changes are taking place in the postprandial state, i.e., the hours after the consumption of dietary fat. TAG and TRL metabolism in the postprandial state are schematically shown in Fig. 1.Recent evidence suggests that elevated levels of plasma TAG in the postprandial state, commonly reported as postprandial lipemia (PPL) or nonfasting TAG, is associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis, independently of other known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (32, 61). In addition, TAG-TRL remnants [i.e., chylomicrons and VLDL with reduced amount or depleted of TAG after the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)] may penetrate the arterial wall and may be taken up by monocytes, forming foam cells. Several epidemiological studies have shown that CVD patients have increased levels of postprandial TRL (62), while VLDL remnants have also be found in atheromatique plaques. In addition, reduced TRL catabolism is associated with changes in the size of other lipoproteins (e.g., formation of HDL 3 and LDL 3 ; Fig. 2) that are thought to be atherogenic (66, 74), as well as oxidative stress, endothelium dysfunction, and inflammation (40, 87), thereby increasing CVD risk. Recent detailed reviews have highlighted the clinical importance of PPL (12, 37). Therefore, interventions that improve postprandial TAG and TRL metabolism may be ...

show abstract

Section: Amount and Type Of Fatmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Amount and Type Of Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology in Medicine: update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle

Maraki

Sidossis

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These conclusions are based on posthoc analyses and a cross-sectional study respectively and should therefore be interpreted carefully. Also the conclusion of Strychar et al (Strychar I et al 2009) to recommend a diet higher in MUFA and lower in carbohydrate for nonobese type 1 diabetic individuals to reduce CVD risk factors is doubtful. Their conclusion is based on PAI-1 and VLDL levels, which are not such a good predictors for atherosclerosis (and by extension CVD) as TG levels are.…”

Section: Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one trial (Strychar I et al 2009), the authors concluded that a diet lower in carbohydrate and higher in MUFA might be preferable to a diet higher in carbohydrate and lower in MUFA for type 1 diabetic patients. This was solely based on the positive effect on triglyceride (TG) levels and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels (PAI-1) in the first diet.…”

Section: Randomized Controlled Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these eight, six are cross-sectional studies (Toeller M et al 1999 1,2,3 ;Helgeson 2006;Øverby NC et al 2006;Snell-Bergeon JK et al 2009). Only Strychar et al (Strychar I et al 2009) and Georgopoulos et al (Georgopoulos A et al 2000) performed a randomized controlled trial. One study reported an association between lifestyle risk factors (including alcohol) and atherosclerosis, which is often the underlying cause of CVD (Bishop et al 2009).…”

Section: Diet Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diet, Lifestyle and Chronic Complications in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Soedamah-Muthu¹,

Abbring²,

Toeller³

2011

Type 1 Diabetes - Complications, Pathogenesis, and Alternative Treatments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Hooper

Summerbell

Thompson

et al. 2011

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum cholesterol), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear. Objectives To assess the effect of reduction and/or modification of dietary fats on mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and individual outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer diagnoses in randomised clinical trials of at least 6 months duration. Search methods For this review update, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched through to June 2010. References of Included studies and reviews were also checked. Selection criteria Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised with appropriate control group, 2) intention to reduce or modify fat or cholesterol intake (excluding exclusively omega-3 fat interventions), 3) not multi factorial, 4) adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease, 5) intervention at least six months, 6) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. Data collection and analysis Participant numbers experiencing health outcomes in each arm were extracted independently in duplicate and random effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, sub-grouping, sensitivity analyses and funnel plots were performed. Main results This updated review suggested that reducing saturated fat by reducing and/or modifying dietary fat reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96, 24 comparisons, 65,508 participants of whom 7% had a cardiovascular event, I2 50%). Subgrouping suggested that this reduction in cardiovascular events was seen in studies of fat modification (not reduction - which related directly to the degree of effect on serum total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), of at least two years duration and in studies of men (not of women). There were no clear effects of dietary fat changes on total mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04, 71,790 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.04, 65,978 participants). This did not alter with sub-grouping or sensitivity analysis. Few studies compared reduced with modified fat diets, so direct comparison was not possible. Authors’ conclusions The findings are suggestive of a small but potentially important reduction in cardiovascular risk on modification of dietary fat, but not reduction of total fat, in longer trials. Lifestyle advice to all those at risk of cardiovascular disease and to lower risk population groups, should continue to include permanent reduction of dietary saturated fat and partial replacement by unsaturates. The ideal type of unsaturated fat is unclear.

show abstract

Effects of a Diet Higher in Carbohydrate/Lower in Fat Versus Lower in Carbohydrate/Higher in Monounsaturated Fat on Postmeal Triglyceride Concentrations and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Physiology in Medicine: update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle

Physiology in Medicine: update on lifestyle determinants of postprandial triacylglycerolemia with emphasis on the Mediterranean lifestyle

Diet, Lifestyle and Chronic Complications in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About