Effects of a DASH-like diet containing lean beef on vascular health

Abstract

A DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) dietary pattern rich in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products with increased dietary protein provided primarily from plant protein sources decreases blood pressure. No studies, however, have evaluated the effects of a DASH-like diet with increased dietary protein from lean beef on blood pressure and vascular health. The aim of this study was to study the effect of DASH-like diets that provided different amounts of protein from lean beef (DASH 28 g beef per day; beef in an optimal lean diet (BOLD) 113 g beef per day; beef in an optimal lean diet plus additional protein (BOLD+) 153 g beef per day) on blood pressure, endothelial function and vascular reactivity versus a healthy American diet (HAD). Using a randomized, crossover study design, 36 normotensive participants (systolic blood pressure (SBP), 116±3.6 mm Hg) were fed four isocaloric diets,: HAD (33% total fat, 12% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 17% protein (PRO), 20 g beef per day), DASH (27% total fat, 6% SFA, 18% PRO, 28 g beef per day), BOLD (28% total fat, 6% SFA, 19% PRO, 113 g beef per day) and BOLD+ (28% total fat, 6% SFA, 27% PRO, 153 g beef per day), for 5 weeks. SBP decreased (P<0.05) in subjects on the BOLD+ diet (111.4±1.9 mm Hg) versus HAD (115.7±1.9). There were no significant effects of the DASH and BOLD diets on SBP. Augmentation index (AI) was significantly reduced in participants on the BOLD diet (−4.1%). There were no significant effects of the dietary treatments on diastolic blood pressure or endothelial function (as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry). A moderate protein DASH-like diet including lean beef decreased SBP in normotensive individuals. The inclusion of lean beef in a heart healthy diet also reduced peripheral vascular constriction.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet retains effectiveness to reduce blood pressure when lean pork is substituted for chicken and fish as the predominant source of protein

“…A DASH-style diet with six 100-g servings of lean beef/ wk reduced SBP/DBP by 6/4 mm Hg compared with consumption of a low-fat diet with #2 servings red meat/wk, which lowered SPB/DBP by 3/3 mm Hg (13). Collectively, results from the current, BOLD (12), and Nowson et al (13) studies showed that the inclusion of lean red meat in DASHstyle diets does not influence their effectiveness to reduce BP. In addition, results of the current study further support previous research that showed that diets rich in lean pork do not adversely affect cardiometabolic health compared with other animal sources of protein (21)(22)(23).…”

“…However, at least 2 studies assessed the effects of including lean beef in a DASHstyle diet on BP responses (12,13). In the BOLD (Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet) study, SBP was decreased by 4 mm Hg after the consumption of a DASH-style diet with 153 g lean beef/d but was not decreased after DASH-style diets with 113 or 28 g lean beef/d, and DBP was not influenced by any of the 3 DASH-style diets (12). The BOLD study was conducted in normotensive subjects, whereas the majority of DASH-style diet interventions have studied individuals with elevated BP (6).…”

“…The use of these cuts of red meat would be consistent with the current recommendation from the American Heart Association to limit saturated fat intake to,7% of daily energy intake (3,7). Indeed, the inclusion of lean beef into a DASH-style diet produced reductions in BP in adults with BPs in the clinically normal (12) and prehypertensive (13) ranges as well as decreases in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (14). However, the effects of including lean cuts of pork in a DASHstyle diet require investigation.…”

Research gaps in evaluating the relationship of meat and health

“…The American beef industry has produced many products that meet the USDA definition of "lean" which is defined as containing no more than 10 g total fat and 4.5 g of saturated fat in a serving of approximately 100 g. In fact, controlled feeding intervention studies have clearly shown reductions in risk factors for heart disease, such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and C-III, and systolic blood pressure, as well as the augmentation index -a measure of vascular reactivity (Roussell et al, 2012(Roussell et al, , 2014. A meta-analysis of 124 RCTs on lipid and lipoprotein changes comparing beef against poultry or fish consumption found no significant differences (Maki et al, 2012).…”

Рекомендації Експертних Груп, Превентивні Комерційні Харчові Раціони З Доведеною Ефективністю Та Нутрієнти, Що Показані Пацієнтам Із гіпертонічною Хворобою Й Ожирінням Високого Кардіоваскулярного Ризику

“…Дієта має бути збагаченою вітамінами групи В, С, хромом, карнітином, таурином, ліпоєвою кисло-тою. У цих хворих також використовуються адапто-вані Mediterranean та DASH-дієти, дієти Polymeal, Omni Heart, клініки Майо, Weight Watchers, що, крім вагокорегуючих ефектів, мають протизапальну активність, знижуючи рівні С-реактивного протеїну та цитокінів [35,37,40].…”