“…102,103 Lastly, several articles reported other quantitative surveys, including those developed by the authors or based on course evaluations. 41,49,52,54,58,66,67,77,80 In addition to surveys, quantitative evaluations also included measuring students' performance through exam grades, course grades, or assignments reflecting students' content knowledge. 41,49,72,85,90 Other evaluations included critical thinking assessment tests, which evaluated students' creative thinking, problem solving, data analysis, and communication skills; 91,104 and research competence tests, which evaluated students' problem solving.…”