Effects of a community-based weight loss intervention on adipose tissue circulating factors

Abstract

Background/Objectives Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunctions, which may be mediated by changes in adipose tissue signaling factors. These molecules are denoted as Adipose Tissue Generated Mediators of CardioVascular Risk (ATGMCVR) here, and include leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). This study examined the effect of a weight loss program on ATGMCVR in obese adults with prediabetes. Subjects/Methods Subjects were randomized to usual care (UC; n=15) or lifestyle weight loss groups (LWL; n=15). LWL was a community-based weight loss intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating. ATGMCVR at 1-yr were compared between groups by analysis of covariance; baseline value of the mediator was the covariate. Baseline means for ATGMCVR were compared between those with (n=21) and without (n=9) metabolic syndrome (MetS). Results At baseline, subjects were 58±9 (SD) yrs, 70% female, with a BMI of 34±4 kg/m2. One-yr weight loss (%) was 7.8±6.0% for LWL and 1.7±4.5% for UC. Group differences at 1-yr were noted (adjusted means [95%CI] for UC and LWL, respectively) for adiponectin (8526.3 [7397.7,9827]; 10870.9 [9432.0,12529.3] ng/ml; p=0.02), leptin (30.4 [26.1,35.4]; 23.7 [20.3,27.5] ng/ml; p=0.02), IL-6 (0.4 [0.3,0.5]; 0.2 [0.1,0.2] pg/ml; p=0.001), and PAI-1 (50 [42.7,58.7]; 36.2 [30.8,42.4] pg/ml; p=0.01). No differences in baseline ATGMCVR were seen between subjects with and without MetS. Conclusions These findings suggest ATGMCVR can be improved with weight loss; larger studies are needed to determine if improvements in metabolic dysfunction are related to changes in ATGMCVR.

Exercise Benefits for Chronic Low Back Pain in Overweight and Obese Individuals

“…For example, AX, periodized RX, and AQU significantly reduced body fat (2%‐3.9%) [32,33,57] and AQU lowered waist‐to‐hip ratio by 7.3% [56]. Reduction of centrally deposited body fat confers anti‐inflammatory benefits and contributes to musculoskeletal pain relief [67], and reduces future risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Aerobic fitness increases with AQU (39.0%) [32], and enhanced fitness reduces the risks for all‐cause mortality [18].…”

Baseline hs‐CRP predicts hypertension remission in metabolic syndrome

“…No other baseline variable was able to predict remission of hypertension in the overall cohort, thus suggesting a specific clinical relevance of serum hs-CRP in those patients. [21][22][23] Furthermore, CRP is not only an innocent bystander but rather an active factor. 18 Intriguingly, we observed that the blood pressure-lowering effect induced by lifestyle and treatment intervention was independent of anthropometric parameters.…”

“…Although controversial, hs-CRP levels were shown to be influenced by both Mediterranean diet and consequent weight loss. [21][22][23] Furthermore, CRP is not only an innocent bystander but rather an active factor. There are many mechanisms by which CRP levels may increase BP: suppression of nitric oxide and up-regulation of reactive oxygen species generation as well as increasing endothelin-1 and interleukin-6 release from endothelial cells.…”

Circulating cytokines as determinants of weight loss-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity

“…When obese individuals undergo major weight loss, changes in circulating cytokines may contribute to these beneficial effects [2]. Although more modest weight loss in less severe states of adiposity (i.e.…”