Effects of a Combination of Niacin and Chromium(III)-Chloride on the Skin and Lungs of Hyperlipemic Rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical effects of niacin and chromium(III)-chloride on serum lipid peroxidation, uric and sialic acids, and the extent of lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in skin and lung tissues of hyperlipidemic rats. In this study, female Swiss albino rats, 12 mo old, were used. They were randomly divided into four groups. Group I animals were fed with a standard pellet diet and water ad libitium. Group II rats were fed with a standard pellet diet and were treated with a dose of 250 microg/kg body weight CrCI(3).6H(2)O and 100 mg/kg body weight niacin, for 45 d, by the gavage technique. Group III rats were fed a lipogenic diet in which 2% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 20% sunflower oil were added to the pellet chow. In addition, the animals in this group drank water containing 3% ethanol. This regime was maintained for 60 d. The rats in group IV were maintained in the same food and drink regime as the animals in group III. After 2 wk, the animals showed symptoms of hyperlipemia and they were treated with 250 microg/kg body weight CrCI(3).6H(2)O and 100 mg/kg body weight niacin, by gavage, for 45 d. On d 60, the blood and the skin and lungs samples were taken from animals. In the hyperlipemic groups, a reduction of the lung glutathione level and an increase in serum, lung, and skin lipid peroxidation levels and in serum sialic and uric acid were observed. In rats treated with a combination of niacin and Cr(III), the skin and serum lipid peroxidation and the sialic and uric acid levels decreased while showing an increase of lung glutathione activity. These results suggest that niacin and Cr(III), when administered in combination, have a protective effect against skin and lung tissues damage as a result of hyperlipidemia.

Effect of Fenofibrate on Serum and Tissue Sialic Acid Levels in Short-term Experimental Hypercholesterolemia

“…There was a positive correlation between serum cholesterol and LDL, and serum SA, suggesting that the serum SA levels are highly related to serum lipids. In contrast to our findings, in the study of Yanardag et al [16] the significant increase in serum SA levels has been found after a longer treatment period (60 day) by feeding a 2 % cholesterol diet.…”

“…The results of the present study showed that total cholesterol and LDL levels significantly increased, but HDL and TG levels did not change significantly in experimental hypercholesterolemia induced by 1.63 % cholesterol diet for both 3and 6-week feeding periods. These findings are consistent with those in which hypercholesterolemic diets were containing cholesterol ranging between 0.5 % to 2 %, with or without cholic acid [16,19,20]. Hypercholesterolemia has also been reported to reduce the amount of SA on the surface of certain cells in experimental animals [21,22,23].…”

“…Elevated serum cholesterol levels promote inflammation which is characterized the elevated systemic markers by increased oxidative stress [12][13][14]. In hyperlipidemic animals and men, elevated TSA concentrations have been reported [15,16]. Serum SA, as an inflammation sensitive marker, has also been suggested as a useful CVD risk factor in hyperlipidemic patients [8,9].…”

Combined treatment with niacin and chromium caused a protective effect on the small-intestine tissue of hyperlipidemic rats

“…Our previous studies performed on hyperlipidemic rats documented that hyperlipidemia caused partial damage to the liver and renal tissues. As well, niacin and chromium (III) supplementations could provide a beneficial effect both on the liver structure and biochemistry, as these supplementations have a protective effect against oxidative damage to tongue, lens, spleen and kidney as well as reducing total serum lipid and cholesterol levels (Bolkent et al, 2004;Yanardag et al, 2005;Atac et al, 2006;Sengezer-Inceli et al, 2007). The present study intended to investigate possible damage to the intestinal mucosa of rats fed with a high-fat cholesterol diet and whether or not treatments of niacin and chromium (III) have a protective effect on the intestine of hyperlipidemic rats.…”

Biochemical Effects of Some Trace Elements in Experimental Diabetic Rats

“…The endogenous antioxidant enzymes (e.g SOD, CAT, GR and GSHpx) are responsible for the detoxification of deleterious oxygen radicals (Jacob, 1995). Some trace elements, particularly selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) can support antioxidant function and consequently reduction in mortality in critically ill patients (Yanardag et al, 2005). Se, Zn and Cr are essential trace elements for all organisms, body growth and development (Jain and Kannan, 2001).…”