Effects of a Cereal Rich in Soluble Fiber on Body Composition and Dietary Compliance during Consumption of a Hypocaloric Diet

Saltzman, Edward; Moriguti, Júlio C.; Das, Sai Krupa; Corrales, Alberto; Fuss, Paul; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Roberts, Susan B.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2001.10719014

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These recommendations are the result of accumulating evidence that has linked higher whole-grain intake to reduced risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (2)(3)(4)(5) and the consistent epidemiologic finding that individuals who consume recommended amounts of whole grains ($3 servings or 48 g/d), compared with individuals who consume few whole grains, have reduced BMI and adiposity and a lower prospective body weight gain (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). However, multiple randomized controlled trials (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)) and 2 recent meta-analyses of clinical trials (4,17) have largely been at odds with the epidemiologic data, collectively having failed to find evidence to support the favorable effects of whole grains on body weight. In addition, although 2 clinical trials have reported favorable effects of whole grains on adiposity (14,15), the collective evidence base has not been conclusive (10,13,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a critical limitation of this evidence base has been the relative absence of studies that have provided fully controlled diets to participants. In addition, the few controlled-feeding studies that have been conducted have been highly heterogeneous in study populations, intervention durations, and designs and the types of whole grains studied (13,16,27,28). These factors may explain why favorable effects of whole grains on insulin sensitivity (27), fasting glucose (13), and appetite (16,27) have been reported in some but not all (13,16,27,28) trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the few controlled-feeding studies that have been conducted have been highly heterogeneous in study populations, intervention durations, and designs and the types of whole grains studied (13,16,27,28). These factors may explain why favorable effects of whole grains on insulin sensitivity (27), fasting glucose (13), and appetite (16,27) have been reported in some but not all (13,16,27,28) trials. The heterogeneity also underlies the recognized need for additional well-controlled studies that use strict dietary control to more definitively elucidate the effects of the dietary substitution of whole grains for refined grains on mechanisms that influence BMI and adiposity (5,17,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples from each 72-h collection were combined, homogenized, freeze dried to a constant weight (Virtis Benchmark 1000 Lyophilizer; Virtis Co.), and ground to a fine powder. The heat of combustion was measured in duplicate (CV #6%) with the use of w1.0 g freeze-dried stool, an Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter (Parr model 1261; Parr Instrument Co.), and benzoic acid as a standard (16).…”

Section: Stool Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women

Karl

Meydani

Barnett

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: The effect of whole grains on the regulation of energy balance remains controversial. Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of substituting whole grains for refined grains, independent of body weight changes, on energy-metabolism metrics and glycemic control. Design: The study was a randomized, controlled, parallel-arm controlled-feeding trial that was conducted in 81 men and postmenopausal women [49 men and 32 women; age range: 40-65 y; body mass index (in kg/m 2 ): ,35.0]. After a 2-wk run-in period, participants were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 2 weight-maintenance diets for 6 wk. Diets differed in whole-grain and fiber contents [mean 6 SDs: whole grain-rich diet: 207 6 39 g whole grains plus 40 6 5 g dietary fiber/d; refined grain-based diet: 0 g whole grains plus 21 6 3 g dietary fiber/d] but were otherwise similar. Energy metabolism and body-composition metrics, appetite, markers of glycemic control, and gut microbiota were measured at 2 and 8 wk. Results: By design, body weight was maintained in both groups. Plasma alkylresorcinols, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, increased in the whole grain-rich diet group (WG) but not in the refined grain-based diet group (RG) (P-diet-by-time interaction , 0.0001). Beta 6 SE changes (DWG compared with DRG) in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) (43 6 25 kcal/d; P = 0.04), stool weight (76 6 12 g/d; P , 0.0001), and stool energy content (57 6 17 kcal/d; P = 0.003), but not in stool energy density, were higher in the WG. When combined, the favorable energetic effects in the WG translated into a 92-kcal/d (95% CI: 28, 156-kcal/d) higher net daily energy loss compared with that of the RG (P = 0.005). Prospective consumption (P = 0.07) and glycemia after an oral-glucose-tolerance test (P = 0.10) trended toward being lower in the WG than in the RG. When nonadherent participants were excluded, between-group differences in stool energy content and glucose tolerance increased, and between-group differences in the RMR and prospective consumption were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest positive effects of whole grains on the RMR and stool energy excretion that favorably influence energy balance and may help explain epidemiologic associations between whole-grain consumption and reduced body weight and adiposity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01902394.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:589-99.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stool Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women

Karl

Meydani

Barnett

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In this sense, our results have shown that a lower-GI diet (based on wholemeal cereals and legume consumption) can improve weight loss during an energy restriction period in comparison with a conventional hypocaloric diet (higher-GI and lower fiber content). Several authors have confirmed that some nutritional factors may influence the effectiveness of weight loss diets (25). Thus, legume and cereal components such as soluble fiber, low-GI carbohydrates, proteins and other bioactive substances can potentially improve weight loss by means of favourable effects on energy regulation (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-restricted diets based on a distinct food selection affecting the glycemic index induce different weight loss and oxidative response

2008

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Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Bravata¹,

Sanders²,

Huang³

et al. 2003

JAMA

490

265

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ETWEEN 1960 AND 2000 THE prevalence of obesity among adults aged 20 years to 74 years in the United States increased from 13.4% to 30.9%. [1][2][3] An estimated 325000 deaths and between 4.3% and 5.7% of direct health care costs (approximately $39-$52 billion) are attributed to obesity annually. 1,2 Results from the 1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey indicate that roughly one third of US adults were trying to lose weight at that time, and another third were trying to maintain weight. 4 Recently, lowcarbohydrate diets have resurged in popularity as a means of rapid weight loss, yet their long-term efficacy and safety remain poorly understood.The first low-carbohydrate diet to have enjoyed popular success was that described by William Banting in the 1860s. 5 Banting claimed that he was never hungry and at the age of 66, in a period of a year, lost 46 of his initial 202 pounds. He wrote, "The great charms and comfort of the system are that its effects are palpable within a week of trial and creates a natural stimulus to persevere for a few weeks more." 5 While it is difficult to estimate the number of people who have followed low-carbohydrate diets, the number and popularity of articles and books from the lay press advocating their use attest to a high level of interest in and de-mand for these diets by the US public. The most popular text, written by cardiologist and long-time proponent Context Low-carbohydrate diets have been popularized without detailed evidence of their efficacy or safety. The literature has no clear consensus as to what amount of carbohydrates per day constitutes a low-carbohydrate diet. Objective To evaluate changes in weight, serum lipids, fasting serum glucose, and fasting serum insulin levels, and blood pressure among adults using low-carbohydrate diets in the outpatient setting. Data Sources We performed MEDLINE and bibliographic searches for Englishlanguage studies published between January 1, 1966, and February 15, 2003, with key words such as low carbohydrate, ketogenic, and diet. Study Selection We included articles describing adult, outpatient recipients of lowcarbohydrate diets of 4 days or more in duration and 500 kcal/d or more, and which reported both carbohydrate content and total calories consumed. Literature searches identified 2609 potentially relevant articles of low-carbohydrate diets. We included 107 articles describing 94 dietary interventions reporting data for 3268 participants; 663 participants received diets of 60 g/d or less of carbohydrates-of whom only 71 received 20 g/d or less of carbohydrates. Study variables (eg, number of participants, design of dietary evaluation), participant variables ( eg, age, sex, baseline weight, fasting serum glucose level), diet variables (eg, carbohydrate content, caloric content, duration) were abstracted from each study. Data ExtractionTwo authors independently reviewed articles meeting inclusion criteria and abstracted data onto pretested abstraction forms. Data SynthesisThe included studies were highly heterogeneous w...

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Effects of a Cereal Rich in Soluble Fiber on Body Composition and Dietary Compliance during Consumption of a Hypocaloric Diet

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women

Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women

Energy-restricted diets based on a distinct food selection affecting the glycemic index induce different weight loss and oxidative response

Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets

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