Effects of a Caudal Epidural Anesthesia Using Midazolam With or Without Lidocaine to Perform an Endometrial Biopsy in Mares

Sampaio, Breno Fernandes Barreto; DeRossi, Rafael; Menezes, Pedro H.N.; Escobar, Lucas Latta; Milan, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10.002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, relaxation of the rectum and anal sphincter helps prevent faecal contamination of the perineal surgical field as well as prevents or controls tenesmus (Seabaugh and Schumacher 2014; Carpenter and Byron 2015), and relaxation of the vulva, vagina and uterus and dilatation of the cervix helps facilitate both painful reproductive and gynaecological procedures (Sampaio et al . 2017) as well as obstetric manipulations during dystocia (Olbrich and Mosing 2003; Skarda et al . 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidural anaesthesia also induces myorelaxation in the pelvic viscera, which is useful for many purposes. For example, relaxation of the rectum and anal sphincter helps prevent faecal contamination of the perineal surgical field as well as prevents or controls tenesmus (Seabaugh and Schumacher 2014;Carpenter and Byron 2015), and relaxation of the vulva, vagina and uterus and dilatation of the cervix helps facilitate both painful reproductive and gynaecological procedures (Sampaio et al 2017) as well as obstetric manipulations during dystocia (Olbrich and Mosing 2003;Skarda et al 2005). However, most local anaesthetics have a relatively short duration and may not provide significant longterm analgesic benefits.…”

Section: Indications and Benefits Of Ceaa In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 2: Clinical indications and techniques

Kjærulff

Lindegaard

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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This is the second of a two-part review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses (CEAA). In Part 1, we provided a detailed review of the efficacy and safety of epidurally administered drugs showing that the epidural administration of many different drugs can provide effective regional anaesthesia or analgesia with only minimal side effects. In Part 2, the clinical indications and benefits of CEAA are reviewed and a detailed practical guide on how to perform an epidural injection and insert an epidural catheter is provided.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indications and Benefits Of Ceaa In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 2: Clinical indications and techniques

Kjærulff

Lindegaard

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Depth of sedation and ataxia were scored 10 min after the epidural anaesthesia (T0). Analgesia, depth of sedation, and ataxia were scored from start of the surgery (T1), at the end of surgery (T6), using a scoring system modified from Sampaio et al, 2017 and Schauvliege et al, 2019 [ 23 , 24 ] ( Table 2 ). Analgesia was evaluated starting from T1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and Sedative Effects of Epidural Lidocaine-Xylazine in Elective Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Vullo

Tambella

Meligrana³

et al. 2021

Animals

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The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy and safety of epidural lidocaine-xylazine administration in standing mules undergoing elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in order to suppress unwanted behaviour. Eight mule mares were sedated with intramuscular 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine followed by 1.3 mg/kg of xylazine and 0.02 mg/kg of butorphanol intravenously. Sedation was maintained by a constant rate infusion of 0.6 mg/kg/h of xylazine. The paralumbar fossae were infiltrated with 30 mL of 2% lidocaine. Epidural anaesthesia was performed at the first intercoccygeal space with 0.2 mg/kg of lidocaine and 0.17 mg/kg of xylazine. After 15 min, bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, invasive arterial blood pressure, degree of analgesia, sedation and ataxia were evaluated during surgery. The laparoscopic ovariectomy was successfully completed in all animals. Sedation and analgesia were considered satisfactory in six out of the eight mules. In conclusion, caudal epidural block allowed surgery to be easily completed in six out of eight. The animals did not show any signs of discomfort associated with nociception and were mostly calm during the procedures, however additional studies are needed to establish epidural doses of xylazine and lidocaine that result in reliable abdominal pain control in mules for standing ovariectomy.

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A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 1: Safety and efficacy of epidural drugs

Kjærulff

Lindegaard

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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The importance of adequate pain management in horses has gained increased clinical attention over the last decade or so, and many drugs and administration techniques have been investigated for the purpose of improving equine pain management. Caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia (CEAA) has the potential to be one of the most efficient techniques for management of moderate to severe pain of the pelvic limbs, the caudal part of the body and even the thoracic limbs. The epidural administration of many different drugs has been studied and clinically applied, most of them with good efficacy and minimal side-effects. In order to guide the clinician on when and how to perform CEAA in horses, this 2-part review provides a detailed review of the efficacy, safety, indications and techniques. Part 1 focuses on the efficacy and safety of epidurally administered drugs and Part 2 considers indications and contraindications, and provides a practical description on how to perform the epidural procedure. Epidural drugsThe goal when selecting drugs for epidural injections is to achieve efficient regional anaesthesia or analgesia with appropriate onset, duration and anatomical spread, and

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Effects of a Caudal Epidural Anesthesia Using Midazolam With or Without Lidocaine to Perform an Endometrial Biopsy in Mares

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 2: Clinical indications and techniques

A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 2: Clinical indications and techniques

Analgesic and Sedative Effects of Epidural Lidocaine-Xylazine in Elective Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 1: Safety and efficacy of epidural drugs

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