Effects of a 6-month dietary-induced weight loss on erythrocyte membrane omega-3 fatty acids and hepatic status of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Fatty Liver in Obesity study

Vitamin D3 enhances the effects of omega‐3 oils against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in rat

“…Concomitantly, the hepatic concentrations of adiponectin alongside the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory markers increased significantly, while leptin with the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative stress molecules diminished in the VD and OM groups than the PC group. Our results are aligned with many reports that have advocated the potential therapeutic values of VD 3 [26][27][28][48][49][50] and omega-3 oils 17,[21][22][23][24][25] against MAFLD, plausibly by enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing lipogenesis alongside antioxidative and antiinflammatory actions. Nevertheless, the OM group disclosed lower body weight with enhanced hepatoprotective effects than the VD group.…”

“…17,21,22 Likewise, RCTs have reported reductions in intrahepatic triglycerides with improvements in liver stiffness, liver enzymes, and lipid profile following omega-3 oils supplementation in MAFLD patients. [23][24][25] Our findings revealed that both monotherapies markedly reduced obesity, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL with concurrent increases in HDL and total protein relative to the PC group. Additionally, the VD and OM groups had lower hepatic triglycerides amounts with moderately improved liver histology, lesser Casp-3 gene and protein expression, and lower apoptosis index compared with the PC animals.…”

“…On the other hand, omega‐3 oils also abated MAFLD in murine by lowering insulin resistance, lipogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis 17,21,22 . Likewise, RCTs have reported reductions in intrahepatic triglycerides with improvements in liver stiffness, liver enzymes, and lipid profile following omega‐3 oils supplementation in MAFLD patients 23–25 …”

“…In this regard, omega‐3 oils are polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are abundantly found in marine nutritional sources, have potent antilipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory actions 17,21,22 . Additionally, many clinical studies have reported that omega‐3 oils improved MAFLD by modulating several lipid metabolic pathways and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic tissues 23–25 . Similarly, vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) is a plethoric steroid hormone that robustly inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation alongside regulating glucose and lipid metabolism 26–28 .…”

“…17,21,22 Additionally, many clinical studies have reported that omega-3 oils improved MAFLD by modulating several lipid metabolic pathways and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic tissues. [23][24][25] Similarly, vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) is a plethoric steroid hormone that robustly inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation alongside regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. [26][27][28] Moreover, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD) levels correlated inversely with the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and MAFLD, while VD 3 supplementations protected and/or reverted hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and MAFLD.…”