Effects of 5 rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on filaria-specific IgG4 titers in urine: 6-year follow-up study in Sri Lanka

Itoh, Makoto; Weerasooriya, Mirani V.; Yahathugoda, Thishan C.; Takagi, Hidekazu; Samarawickrema, W. A.; Nagaoka, Fumiaki; Kimura, Eizen

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.019

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From 2002 to 2006, the national PELF in Sri Lanka had conducted annual MDA and many reports of its evaluation were published [22–25]. Sri Lanka had easily passed transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in selected sentinel and spot check sites, as such WHO has formally acknowledged the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Sri Lanka as a public health problem in 2016 [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, we believe that urine ELISA is a more suitable tool to investigate true elimination or resurgence especially in the Sri Lankan context. Urine ELISA is acceptable due its easy sample collection with much improved compliance, especially among schoolchildren [12, 22]. With these features, the combination of “urine and mosquito” based tools are useful in the assessment of ongoing LF transmission in hotspots, especially at the last stages of a national elimination programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection by anti-filarial IgG4 in urine among schoolchildren and molecular xenomonitoring in Sri Lanka: a post mass drug administration study

et al. 2019

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Background Surveillance of hidden foci or resurgence of the bancroftian filariasis has high priority to maintain the elimination status in Sri Lanka. For the surveillance, two methods were applied in Matotagama, Matara, Sri Lanka; (i) molecular xenomonitoring (MX) by PCR to detect parasite DNA in the vector, Culex ( Cx ) quinquefasciatus and (ii) survey of anti-filarial IgG4 in urine samples from schoolchildren. Results Mosquitoes were collected monthly from index houses for 17 months (2013 to 2014) to confirm the existence of bancroftian parasite. Index houses in Matotagama had recorded microfilaria-positive cases in the recent past. Five schools were selected considering Matotagama as the catchment area and all students who presented on the day were tested for urine anti-filarial IgG4 in 2015. Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in Cx . quinquefasciatus pools were found in 14 of 17 months studied and ranged between 0 and 1.4%. The MX rate was greatly increased at least two times in the year following the driest months (March, August). A total of 735 schoolchildren were tested for urine anti-filarial IgG4. Three schools located closer to the MX area had higher positive rates, 3.4%, 3.6%, and 6.6%. Both highest positive rates of MX and urine were located in a nearer vicinity. Conclusion Monthly collections to study lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission by MX was conducted for the first time in Sri Lanka. We observed that the filarial DNA-positive rate had an association with seasonal cycle of precipitation. More than 1% filarial DNA and > 5% anti-filarial antibody rates confirmed ongoing transmission in Matotagama. The combination of two non-invasive surveys, the urine anti-filarial IgG4 levels of schoolchildren and MX of vector mosquitoes, would be a convenient package to monitor the ongoing transmission (hotspots) of LF in the surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection by anti-filarial IgG4 in urine among schoolchildren and molecular xenomonitoring in Sri Lanka: a post mass drug administration study

et al. 2019

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“…A urine ELISA which detects IgG4 antibodies against Brugia pahangi crude antigens was developed with a sensitivity and specificity of 95.6% and 99.0%, respectively [ 4 ]. The method was found to be useful to evaluate a filariasis control program by mass drug administration (MDA), even in a low endemic area in Sri Lanka [ 34 ]. A recombinant antigen recWb-SXP1 from the W. bancrofti cDNA library was applied to the urine ELISA with a high sensitivity of 96.8% among mf positive and ICT positives, and of 84.8% among ICT positives, and a high specificity of 100% [ 35 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Practical Examples Of Application Of Urine For Antibody Detection In Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Urinary Antibodies and Its Application in Epidemiological Studies for Parasitic Diseases

et al. 2021

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For epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, pathogen-specific antibody levels in an area give us essential and appropriate information. The antibodies against pathogens are usually detected in blood, the drawing of which inconveniences people. Collection of blood increases the risk of accidental infections through blood, and it is difficult to obtain the participation of the target populations, especially the younger generation. On the other hand, urine samples, which contain a high enough level of antibodies for ELISA, can be harmlessly and easily collected and therefore have been used for epidemiological studies for diseases. The antibody examination of urine has been used for the epidemiology of parasitic diseases with a high sensitivity and specificity of serum samples. In this paper, we reviewed antibody assays with urine for seven parasitic diseases that urine diagnostic methods have reported in the past, and these are important infections included in NTDs, caused, for example, by Leishmania donovani, Wuchereria bancrofti, Schistosoma japonicum, Paragonimus westermani, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Opisthorchis viverrini. The easy and safe urine surveillance system might be an admirable tool for future epidemiological studies for infectious diseases.

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“…Cross-reactivity of antibodies between different helminth genera is also an issue (Genta, 1988; Lammie et al ., 2004; Weerakoon et al ., 2015; Lamberton and Jourdan, 2015; Garcia et al ., 2018; Song et al ., 2018). In some cases, genera-, or even species-specific identification of infecting helminths is essential for safe treatment strategies, for example when providing ivermectin to treat onchocerciasis in loiasis-endemic areas (Gardon et al ., 1997), or for diagnosis of species-specific pathologies such as female and male genital schistosomiasis (Itoh et al ., 2011; Vlaminck et al ., 2016; Kayuni et al ., 2019; Kukula et al ., 2019). In circumstances such as these, diagnostic assays with a higher degree of specificity than that of antibody-targeting assays are needed.…”

Section: Detection Of Anti-helminth Urine-antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only are these procedures often painful, onerous and carry a risk of infection (with, for example, HIV), but they also require specific equipment and specialist health workers seldom available in endemic areas. A reliable assessment of disease prevalence within a given community can therefore often prove challenging as a result of patient aversions to being assessed, as well as through a lack of resources (Itoh et al ., 2011). Although widely considered low-cost, when taking into consideration the cumulative costs of equipment, number of personnel needed and remuneration of specialist staff, the true costs of gold standard assays are also being realized now and may likely be far more expensive than previously assumed (Turner et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how?

et al. 2019

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Parasitology cambridge.org/par Review Cite this article: Archer J, LaCourse JE, Webster BL, Stothard JRussell (2020). An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how? Parasitology 147, 873-888. https://doi. AbstractReliable diagnosis of human helminth infection(s) is essential for ongoing disease surveillance and disease elimination. Current WHO-recommended diagnostic assays are unreliable in lowendemic near-elimination settings and typically involve the invasive, onerous and potentially hazardous sampling of bodily fluids such as stool and blood, as well as tissue via biopsy. In contrast, diagnosis by use of non-invasive urine sampling is generally painless, more convenient and low risk. It negates the need for specialist staff, can usually be obtained immediately upon request and is better accepted by patients. In some instances, urine-based diagnostic assays have also been shown to provide a more reliable diagnosis of infection when compared to traditional methods that require alternative and more invasive bodily samples, particularly in low-endemicity settings. Given these relative benefits, we identify and review current research literature to evaluate whether non-invasive urine sampling is currently exploited to its full potential in the development of diagnostic tools for human helminthiases. Though further development, assessment and validation are needed before their routine use in control programmes, low-cost, rapid and reliable assays capable of detecting transrenal helminthderived antigens and cell-free DNA show excellent promise for future use at the point-ofcare in high-, medium-and even low-endemicity elimination settings.

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Effects of 5 rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on filaria-specific IgG4 titers in urine: 6-year follow-up study in Sri Lanka

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Surveillance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection by anti-filarial IgG4 in urine among schoolchildren and molecular xenomonitoring in Sri Lanka: a post mass drug administration study

Surveillance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection by anti-filarial IgG4 in urine among schoolchildren and molecular xenomonitoring in Sri Lanka: a post mass drug administration study

Detection of Urinary Antibodies and Its Application in Epidemiological Studies for Parasitic Diseases

An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how?

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