Effects of 3 months of detraining on functional fitness and quality of life in older adults who regularly exercise

Esain, Izaro; Gil, Susana María; Bidaurrazaga‐Letona, Iraia; Rodríguez-Larrad, Ana

doi:10.1007/s40520-018-0990-1

Cited by 46 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Exercise did not provide a protective effect against gait speed losses when exercise was withdrawn, as indicated by a decline in gait speed after detraining (at follow-up), although it should be noted that the overall decline in gait speed from baseline to follow-up was smaller in the exercise group (~0.04 m/s) as compared to the control group (~0.12 m/s). The detrimental effects of detraining on physical function are well known in older persons with and without dementia [11,[68][69][70]. Thus, our results support the recommendation of continuous physical exercise for PwD.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Physical Functionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of low- and high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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Background: Potential moderators such as exercise intensity or apolipoprotein-E4 (ApoE4) carriership may determine the magnitude of exercise effects on physical and cognitive functions in patients with dementia (PwD). We determined the effects of a 24-week aerobic and strength training program with a low-and high-intensity phase on physical and cognitive function. Methods: In an assessor-blinded randomized trial, 91 PwD (all-cause dementia, recruited from daycare and residential care facilities, age 82.3 ± 7.0 years, 59 women, Mini-Mental State Examination 20.2 ± 4.4) were allocated to the exercise or control group. In the exercise group, PwD participated in a walking and lower limb strength training program with 12 weeks low-and 12 weeks high-intensity training offered three times/week. Attention-matched control participants performed flexibility exercises and recreational activities. We assessed adherence, compliance, and exercise intensity for each session. We assessed physical (endurance, gait speed, mobility, balance, leg strength) and cognitive (verbal memory, visual memory, executive function, inhibitory control, psychomotor speed) functions with performance-based tests at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 weeks (follow-up). ApoE4 carriership was determined post-intervention.Results: Sixty-nine PwD were analyzed. Their mean attendance was~60% during the study period. There were no significant effects of the exercise vs. control intervention on endurance, mobility, balance, and leg strength in favor of the exercise group (Cohen's d = 0.13-0.18). Gait speed significantly improved with~0.05 m/s after the high-intensity phase for exercise participants (Cohen's d = 0.41) but declined at follow-up. There were no significant effects of the exercise vs. control intervention on any of the cognitive measures (Cohen's d~− 0.04). ApoE4 carriership did not significantly moderate exercise effects on physical or cognitive function.(Continued on next page) Conclusions: Exercise was superior to control activities for gait speed in our sample of PwD. However, the training effect provided no protection for mobility loss after detraining (follow-up). There were no beneficial effects of the exercise vs. control group on cognitive function. Exercise intensity moderated the effects of exercise on gait speed. ApoE4 carriership moderated the effect of exercise on global cognition only (trend level).

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Section: Effects Of Exercise On Physical Functionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of low- and high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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“…It should be noted that prepandemic frequent exercisers (e.g., frequency of four days or more) experienced worse mood states if they decreased their exercise frequency during the pandemic. Decrease in exercise levels, known as detraining [ 68 ], can have adverse effects both on exercise-induced physiological adaptation [ 69 , 70 ], as well as psychological adaptations [ 71 ]. Other studies have shown that the cessation of regular exercise is linked to negative mood states [ 72 , 73 ], as well as increases in somatic depressive symptoms (e.g., fatigue, Berlin, Kop, and Deuster [ 72 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future

Chang

Hung

Timme

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated governmental recommendations and restrictions have influenced many aspects of human life, including exercise and mental health. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 7 April and 13 May 2020 (n = 1114). Data on exercise behavior pre and during the pandemic and mood states were collected. A cumulative link model was used to predict changes in exercise frequency during a similar future pandemic by exercise frequency during the pandemic. A linear model was used to predict the influence of exercise frequency before and during the pandemic on mood states during the pandemic. A total of 71.2%, 67.3%, and 58.3% of respondents maintained their exercise intensity, frequency, and duration, respectively, during the pandemic. Frequent exercisers are more likely to maintain their exercise frequency during a similar pandemic (p < 0.001). Higher exercise frequencies during the pandemic were associated with better mood states (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effects of prepandemic exercise frequency on mood states are moderated by changes in exercise frequency during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Additionally, maintenance of exercise frequency during a pandemic specifically for frequent exercisers are recommended to preserve mood states. These results may provide evidence for health policies on exercise promotion and mental health before and during a future pandemic.

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“…The partial or total interruption to habitual PA can lead to deterioration in several metabolic and functional outcomes in older adults. For example, 3 months of detraining has been shown to produce a decline in functional fitness, mental health, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lipid, glycemic and haemodynamic profiles in physically active older adults [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, older adults who were regularly active before the pandemic should aim to maintain or increase their levels of PA to achieve recommended levels where possible, while complying with local and national regulations.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic

Cunningham

Sullivan

2020

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities across the world. Government responses, of promoting ‘social distancing’ at a population level, and ‘self-isolation’ of older adults to mitigate its spread have been unprecedented. Despite the importance of these Public Health and Social Measures (PHSM), they present challenges to maintaining a physically active lifestyle, particularly for older adults. Context The importance of physical activity (PA) for health is well documented. There is strong evidence that PA in later life reduces the risk of disease, helps to manage existing conditions, and develops and maintains physical and mental function. Staying physically active is particularly important for older adults currently. Implications and recommendations Research suggests that PHSM have already reduced levels of PA for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to COVID-19 many older adults were not engaging in enough PA to attain health benefits. Evidence indicates that there will be an increase in the number of older adults not meeting guidelines for PA due to the impacts of COVID-19. This has implications for population health and public health policy. How to support older adults to remain physically active during and after the COVID-19 crisis will require careful consideration. Going forward it is imperative that policy and practice support all older adults to achieve the recommended levels of PA to ensure that they are not disadvantaged in the short- but also in the longer term by the impact of COVID-19.

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Effects of 3 months of detraining on functional fitness and quality of life in older adults who regularly exercise

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of low- and high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of low- and high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial

Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future

Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic

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