Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on human alpha rhythms: Resting EEG in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly

Croft, Rodney J.; Leung, Sumie; McKenzie, Raymond J.; Loughran, Sarah P.; Iskra, Steve; Hamblin, Denise L.; Cooper, Nicholas R.

doi:10.1002/bem.20583

Cited by 85 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Unlike most cognitive endpoints measured, the EEG has proven to be reliably affected by low level RF such as mobile phones [1]. In terms of waking EEG, the effect of RF has predominantly been shown to increase power in the ~8-12 Hz or alpha band [2]- [6], although some reductions of this component have also been reported [7]. In terms of sleep EEG, the ~12-15 Hz or sleep spindle frequency range is enhanced subsequent to exposure [8]- [14], with some indication that this effect is dose-dependent [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Alpha Band of the Resting Electroencephalogram Under Pulsed and Continuous Radio Frequency Exposures

Perentos

Croft

McKenzie

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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The effect of GSM-like electromagnetic fields with the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha band activity was investigated in a double-blind cross-over experimental paradigm, testing the hypothesis that pulsed but not continuous radio frequency (RF) exposure would affect alpha activity, and the hypothesis that GSM-like pulsed low frequency fields would affect alpha. Seventy-two healthy volunteers attended a single recording session where the eyes open resting EEG activity was recorded. Four exposure intervals were presented (sham, pulsed modulated RF, continuous RF, and pulsed low frequency) in a counterbalanced order where each exposure lasted for 20 min. Compared to sham, a suppression of the global alpha band activity was observed under the pulsed modulated RF exposure, and this did not differ from the continuous RF exposure. No effect was seen in the extremely low frequency condition. That there was an effect of pulsed RF that did not differ significantly from continuous RF exposure does not support the hypothesis that 'pulsed' RF is required to produce EEG effects. The results support the view that alpha is altered by RF electromagnetic fields, but suggest that the pulsing nature of the fields is not essential for this effect to occur.

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The Alpha Band of the Resting Electroencephalogram Under Pulsed and Continuous Radio Frequency Exposures

Perentos

Croft

McKenzie

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…Dla PEM emitowanych przez telefony osobiste pracujące w systemie GSM potwierdzają to badania z ostatnich lat [32][33][34][35]. Autorzy większości przywoływanych prac potwierdzają również opisaną powyżej hipotezę Loughran i wsp.…”

Section: Wyniki Przegląduunclassified

“…[26] dotyczącą podatności osobniczej, wykazując nie tylko oddziaływanie PEM na moc fali alfa w zapisie EEG, ale także działanie jedynie w określonych grupach -w tym przypadku w grupach wiekowych (Croft i wsp. [33] u osób 19-40-letnich, przy braku efektu u 13-15-i 55-70-letnich; Vecchio i wsp. [34] u osób 47-84-letnich, przy braku efektu u 20-37-letnich).…”

Section: Wyniki Przegląduunclassified

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Effects of radio- and microwaves emitted by wireless communication devices on the functions of the nervous system selected elements

Politański¹,

Bortkiewicz²,

Zmyślony³

2016

Med Pr

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StreszczenieW organizmie ludzkim do układów najbardziej "elektrycznych" należy układ nerwowy oparty na elektroprzewodzących sieciach neuronalnych. W związku z tym od lat prowadzone są badania mające na celu sprawdzenie wpływu pól elektromagnetycznych (PEM) o różnych częstotliwościach na jego funkcjonowanie. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki przeglądu literatury naukowej poświęconej oddziaływaniu PEM na funkcjonowanie ludzkiego układu nerwowego, przy czym szczególny nacisk położono na najnowsze prace dotyczące współczesnych bezprzewodowych systemów łączności i transmisji danych. Wyniki opublikowanych prac w większości analizowanych obszarów nie wykazują wpływu PEM na układ nerwowy. Wyjątkami są oddziaływanie sygnału telefonii GSM na zapis EEG -spoczynkowy i podczas snu badanych osób -oraz wpływ częstotliwości radiofalowych na regulację układu krążenia. W pozostałych analizowanych obszarach (wpływ na sen, potencjały wywołane i procesy poznawcze) nie ma spójnych wyników prac świadczących zdecydowanie o oddziaływaniu PEM. Neurofizjologiczne badania wpływu fal radiowych i mikrofal na funkcje mózgu u ludzi nie przyniosły dotychczas jednoznacznych wyników. Przyczynami tego są m.in. różne warunki ekspozycji, duża liczba badanych zmiennych, brak powtarzalności badań i wątpliwości natury statystycznej. Istnieją już jednak wskazówki metodyczne dające szansę na ujednolicenie badań, które zdecydowanie nadal powinny być prowadzone, żeby określić biofizyczne mechanizmy oddziaływania PEM na układ nerwowy. Jednym z aspektów, na które coraz częściej zwraca się uwagę, jest uwzględnianie w badaniach oddziaływania PEM różnic osobniczych. Med. Pr. 2016;67(3):411-421 Słowa kluczowe: EEG, zaburzenia snu, pole elektromagnetyczne, telefonia komórkowa, układ nerwowy, regulacja układu krążenia AbstractNervous system is the most "electric" system in the human body. The research of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of different frequencies on its functioning have been carried out for years. This paper presents the results of the scientific literature review on the EMF influence on the functioning of the human nervous system with a particular emphasis on the recent studies of the modern wireless communication and data transmission systems. In the majority of the analyzed areas the published research results do not show EMF effects on the nervous system, except for the influence of GSM telephony signal on resting EEG and EEG during patients' sleep and the influence of radiofrequency EMF on the cardiovascular regulation. In other analyzed areas (EMF impact on sleep, the evoked potentials and cognitive processes), there are no consistent results supporting any influence of electromagnetic fields. Neurophysiological studies of the effect of radio-and microwaves on the brain functions in humans are still considered inconclusive. This is among others due to, different exposure conditions, a large number of variables tested, deficiencies in repeatability of research and statistical uncertainties. However, methodological guidelines are already...

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“…While a number of independent reviews have concluded that there are no substantiated health effects associated with exposure to mobile phone RF-EMF (World Health Organisation, 2014, Health Canada, 2015, SCENIHR, 2009, Health Council of the Netherlands, 2009), there is evidence which indicates that exposure can influence the brain's electrical activity. Specifically, it has been consistently shown that pulse modulated RF (PM RF) affects spontaneous resting alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Hz) , Croft et al, 2010, Leung et al, 2011, Perentos et al, 2007, Regel et al, 2007a, Curcio et al, 2005 and sleep spindle activity (approximately 11-15 Hz) in nonrapid eye movement sleep (Huber et al, 2002, Regel et al, 2007b, Schmid et al, 2012, Loughran et al, 2005, Huber et al, 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure influences cognitive performance

Verrender

Loughran

Dalecki

et al. 2016

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: To investigate whether exposure to pulse modulated radiofrequency (PM RF) influences human cognitive performance, and whether it does so in a dose-dependent manner. Materials and methods: Thirtysix healthy adults participated in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced provocation study. Cognitive performance was assessed using a visual discrimination task and a modified Sternberg working memory task, which were calibrated to individual performance levels in a preliminary testing session. An sXh920 planar exposure system was used to generate a 920 MHz GSM-like signal, providing three conditions (peak-spatial SAR averaged over 10 g) of 0 W/kg (sham), 1 W/kg (low RF) and 2 W/kg (high RF). Results: A significant decrease in reaction time (RT) in the Sternberg working memory task was found during exposure compared to sham. This effect was not dose-dependent. Conclusions: Cognitive performance was shown to be faster under PM RF conditions, relative to sham, in a working memory task. While the majority of the literature has not found effects of PM RF exposure on cognitive performance, it is possible that the methodological improvements employed in the present study increased sensitivity, and thus the ability to detect potential effects. influences human cognitive performance, and whether it does so in a dose dependent manner. Materials and Methods:Thirty six healthy adults participated in a randomised, double blind, counterbalanced provocation study. Cognitive performance was assessed using a visual discrimination task and a modified Sternberg working memory task, which were calibrated to individual performance levels in a preliminary testing session. An sXh920 planar exposure system was used to generate a 920 MHz GSM-like signal, providing three conditions (peakspatial SAR averaged over 10g) of 0 W/kg (Sham), 1 W/kg (Low RF) and 2 W/kg (High RF).Results: A significant decrease in reaction time (RT) in the Sternberg working memory task was found during exposure compared to Sham. This effect was not dose dependent.Conclusions: PM RF exposure was shown to influence cognitive performance in a working memory task. While the majority of the literature has not found effects of PM RF exposure on cognitive performance, it is possible that the methodological improvements employed in the present study increased sensitivity, and thus the ability to detect potential effects.

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Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on human alpha rhythms: Resting EEG in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly

Cited by 85 publications

References 34 publications

The Alpha Band of the Resting Electroencephalogram Under Pulsed and Continuous Radio Frequency Exposures

The Alpha Band of the Resting Electroencephalogram Under Pulsed and Continuous Radio Frequency Exposures

Effects of radio- and microwaves emitted by wireless communication devices on the functions of the nervous system selected elements

Pulse modulated radiofrequency exposure influences cognitive performance

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