Effects of 2,4-DP (2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid) plant growth regulator on fruit size and yield of Valencia oranges (Citrus sinensisOsb.)

Abstract

The Valencia orange is a high-quality fruit grown in Turkey; however, small fruit sizes and high fruit discard percentages are common in Valencia oranges. Small fruit size is the main factor limiting the marketing of Valencia oranges; thus, synthetic auxins are commonly used to enhance the size of citrus fruit. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DP) on the fruit size, yield and quality of Valencia oranges from 29-year-old trees budded on sour orange rootstock in Adana, Turkey during 2005Á06. Three concentrations (50, 100 and 150 ppm) of 2,4-DP were applied during the June drop, when the mean fruit diameter was 13Á15 mm. The results indicated that the application of 2,4-DP increased the fruit size of Valencia oranges without reducing yield. The application had a significant effect on fruit yield. Compared with the control trees, applications of 2,4-DP increased the number of large, commercially valuable Valencia oranges (75Á80 mm). Moreover, an increase in the concentration of 2,4-DP increased the yield and weight of the fruits. As a result, fruit retention was highest in trees sprayed with 150 ppm 2,4-DP. Except for the titratable acid content (TA), which increased with an increase in the 2,4-DP concentration, the internal characteristics of the fruit were not affected by treatment with 2,4-DP. Thus, the results of the present study revealed that 2,4-DP can be used to improve the fruit size of Valencia fruitlets during the June drop.

Pruning Boosts Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Old Valencia Orange Trees: A Field Study

“…Comparing the unpruned control group, which had the lowest juice volume, the fruit from trees pruned at 75 percent pruning level had the highest juice volume. These findings support the previous research by Yildirim et al [41] who found that pruning had a significant positive impact on the juice content of Star Ruby grapefruit. Pruning the 'Fermont' and 'Murcott' mandarin cultivars also significantly increased the fruit juice content, as stated by Hamdy [39].…”

Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescent Property of a Cadmium Complex With 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

“…1, the Cd(II) atom is coordinated to two oxygen atoms from two 2,4-D ligands and two nitrogen atoms of two imidazole molecules in the equatorial position, and two oxygen atoms of water molecules in the axial position, forming a CdO 4 N 2 octahedral geometry. The distance of Cd-N is 2.238(2) Å, which is shorter than the corresponding values in [Cd 2 (2,4-D) 4 (phen) 2 ] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [7] [Cd(2,4-D) 2 (bib)] n (bib=1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane) [24] and [Cd(2,4-D) 2 (4,4-bipy)] n (4,4'-Bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine). [25] The bond lengths of Cd(1)-O(1), Cd(1)-O(4) are 2.370(2), 2.394(2) Å, respectively, which are comparable with those of other Cd(II) complexes.…”

“…2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DH) is a member of arylcarboxylic acids family, and compounds belonging to it are commonly used as conventional fungicides, plant growth regulators and agricultural hebicides. 4 In recent years, an increasing interest can be observed on 2,4-DH coordination compounds, including complexes of transition metals such as Zn(II) 5 , Cd(II), [6][7] Cu(II), 8 Mn(II), 9 Co(II) 10 and Ni(II), 11 alkaline metals such as Ca(II), 12 and lanthanides like Gd 13 and Eu. 14 Several mixed-ligand coordination compounds with 2,4-DH and N-donor ligands, such as phenanthroline, 15 pyrazole, 16 pyridine, 17 pyrazine, 18 imidazole 19 and bipyridine, 20 are also known, and the results reveal that 2,4-D exhibits versatile binding and coordination modes.…”

Influence of growth stimulants on photosynthetic apparatus, morphogenesis and production process of eggplant (Solanum melongena)

“…Аналогічний ефект спостерігали за дії 2,4-дихлорфеноксіоцтової кислоти, застосованої на рослинах манго (Ahmed et al, 2012). 2,4-дихлорфеноксипропіонова кислота підвищувала урожайність апельсинів за рахунок зменшення опадання недозрілих плодів та збільшення їх розмірів і маси (Yіldіrım et al, 2012). Представник цієї ж групи ауксинівфенілоцтова кислота збільшувала концентрацію фотосинтетичних пігментів у зеленої мікроводорості Chlorella vulgaris (Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al, 2014).…”