Effects of 2,4‐dinitrophenol Amylobarbitone and Certain Other Drugs on the Rate of Oxygen Consumption and Force of Contraction of Isolated Curarized Diaphragm Muscle of the Rat

Abstract

1 A technique has been developed for studying over periods of 10 min or longer the effects of drugs on both the force of electrically-induced contractions and the oxygen consumption of an isolated, curarized, mammalian, skeletal muscle preparation. 2 The resting oxygen consumption of the muscle was increased substantially by 2,4-dinitrophenol in concentrations (0.02 mm and higher) that eventually produced contracture. Two other uncoupling agents, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol and carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, behaved similarly. 3 The oxygen consumptioQ over 10 min of the stimulated muscle was also increased by 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.05 mM), although the strength of the 'maximal' contractions was lessened. 4 Amylobarbitone increased the strength of contraction at a concentration (0.2 mM) that did not affect oxygen consumption significantly. Amylobarbitone and pentobarbitone also increased it at a concentration (1 mM) that depressed oxygen consumption. They decreased both strength of contraction and oxygen consumption at a concentration of 5 mm. Phenobarbitone had a weaker action. 5 S-n-decyl-thiouronium increased oxygen consumption when given at a concentration (1 mM) that diminished strength of contraction and eventually produced contracture of the muscle. 6 Both S-methyl-thiouronium (1 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (0.1 mm and 0.5 mM) increased strength of contraction without increasing oxygen consumption. Neither strength of contraction nor oxygen uptake was affected by ouabain (up to 0.01 mM) or by phenformin (0.1 mM). 7 It is concluded that the response to 2,4-dinitrophenol is due mainly, if not wholly, to its known ability to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation; that the response to the barbiturates is due to a combination of a known metabolic action (viz., blocking of the respiratory chain) and a stimulant action on muscle; and the response to S-n-decyl-thiouronium to a disruptive action on cell membranes. The disproportionate actions of 4-aminopyridine and S-methyl-thiouronium on strength of contraction relative to oxygen consumption are also attributed to a non-metabolic action.

Antimicrobial agent triclosan is a proton ionophore uncoupler of mitochondria in living rat and human mast cells and in primary human keratinocytes

“…Uncouplers have been shown to increase the rate of respiration while inhibiting adenosine diphosphate phosphorylation almost completely (Chance et al, 1963). The known mitochondrial uncouplers, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and CCCP, have been shown to increase oxygen consumption and to decrease ATP (Beresford et al, 1979;Goldsby and Heytler, 1963;Mohr and Fewtrell, 1987;Okuda et al, 1992;Rognstad and Katz, 1969).…”

EFFECTS OF SOME S‐ALKYLTHIOURONIUMS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ON THE OSMOTIC FRAGILITY AND THE MEMBRANE EXPANSION OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

“…The higher concentration is lytic to erythrocytes, as we have just shown. It has also been found in experiments on skeletal muscle to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, possibly by acting on the mitochondrial membrane (Beresford, Bills, Fastier & Milne, 1979).…”