Effects of 1450-ppm Fluoride-containing Toothpastes Associated with Boosters on the Enamel Remineralization and Surface Roughness after Cariogenic Challenge

Abstract

Objectives This in vitro study investigated the remineralization potential of 1450 ppm, fluoride-containing toothpastes containing different active remineralization agents after cariogenic challenge with pH cycling. The enamel surface roughness after brushing and the chemical and physical characteristics of the toothpastes tested were also analyzed. Materials and Methods Fifty-six bovine enamel blocks were obtained (4 × 4 × 6 mm) and divided into three thirds: intact (untreated), demineralized (artificial caries lesion), and treated (caries lesion, pH cycling, and brushing with dentifrices). Seven commercially available fluoride toothpastes (1450 ppm F): three with anti-erosion claims ( Candida Professional [CPP], Colgate Total 12 Daily Repair [CDR], Regenerate Enamel Science [RES]); three with desensitizing claims (Bianco Pro Clinical [BPP], Elmex Sensitive [ESS], and Regenerador Diário DentalClean [RDC]); and one standard regular-fluoride toothpaste Colgate Total 12 (CTT) were selected. During pH cycling (demineralization 6 h/remineralization 18 h) for 7 days, the treated third was brushed with the different dentifrices for 10 minutes in a brushing machine before immersion in a remineralizing solution. The Knoop hardness (25 g, 10 second of the surface, and longitudinal section were then evaluated at eight depths (10 to 330 μm). Mean and percentage of surface hardness recovery (% SHR) were calculated. Surface enamel roughness (Ra) was also evaluated. The pH, %weight of particles, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of toothpaste slurries were also evaluated. Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA/Tukey, 5%). Results The %SHR of CPP was significantly lower than the others (p < 0.05). The enamel subsurface was more effectively remineralized when treated with BPP, ESS, and RDC. The surface roughness was higher when the demineralized third was treated with CTT, RDC, and RES and after the cariogenic challenge (p < 0.05). For some of the products tested, there was no relationship between surface remineralization and subsurface remineralization. Although toothpastes CPP and RDC present the lowest %SHR Abstract Keywords ► enamel ► hardness ► roughness ► toothpaste ► tooth remineralization

Biomimetic Mechanism of Action of Fluoridated Toothpaste Containing Proprietary REFIX Technology on the Remineralization and Repair of Demineralized Dental Tissues: An In Vitro Study

“…10,11 Another component of the toothpaste, according to the manufacturer, is the tetrasodium pyrophosphate in association with sodium fluoride (1450 ppm). 14 The aim of oversaturating the enamel surface with calcium and phosphate is to contribute to the decrease in ions on the previously demineralized enamel surface, consequently increasing the resistance to the cariogenic process in the presence of fluoride ions. 25 An in vitro study 14 investigated the remineralization potential of 1450 ppm fluoride-containing toothpastes containing different active remineralization agents after cariogenic challenge with pH cycling.…”

“…14 This combination with saliva and dental tooth structures favors the generation of new minerals containing calcium/phosphate/ fluorine, promoting the enamel surface and remineralizing within the subsurface carious lesion. 14 This product presents an acid pH as a function of the proposed technology, whose action is possibly more effective due to the formation of calcium phosphate crystals in an acidic environment, which appears to be the main reason for its effectiveness. 14,15 The difference observed in the elemental mapping demonstrates that the REFIX toothpaste could modify the structure of the demineralized enamel.…”

“…14 This product presents an acid pH as a function of the proposed technology, whose action is possibly more effective due to the formation of calcium phosphate crystals in an acidic environment, which appears to be the main reason for its effectiveness. 14,15 The difference observed in the elemental mapping demonstrates that the REFIX toothpaste could modify the structure of the demineralized enamel. It was clearly demonstrated that a remineralized layer formed on the enamel Fig.…”

Biomimetic Remineralization with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Treatment of Enamel Erosion (an in vitro study)

“…On the other hand, when sodium fluoride reacts produce fluorapatite and sodium hydroxide, the fluorapatites is more acid resistant than hydroxyapatite and sodium hydroxide increased the pH of the treatment media (24) . Despite, release of fluoride over a prolonged period, remineralization enhanced in the NaF groups.…”

Comparative evaluation of four different remineralizing agents on dentin surface topography: an invitro study

“…The CPP-ACP-containing paste can also reduce dentin hypersensitivity successfully (7) . The possible mechanism by which CPP-ACP seals the exposed dentinal tubules may involve remineralization (8) . Under acidic conditions, CPP-ACP can extract calcium phosphate, CPP-ACP can also increase and maintain high concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions on dentin surfaces, thereby impeding demineralization and promoting remineralization (9) .…”