Effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid gel supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance trained individuals

Dunsmore, KA; Lowery, Ryan P.; Duncan, NM; Davis, GS; Rathmacher, JA; Baier, Shawn M.; Sikorski, EM; Morrison, TJ; Naimo, MA; Walters, J; Wilson, Stephanie; Wilson, Jacob M.

doi:10.1186/1550-2783-9-s1-p5

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The first consideration involves the dosage of HMB. Whereas most prior studies involving HMB used a 3-g/day split over three doses during the day (10,33,35,56), a recent study (57) found that a bolus of HMB (3.42 g) was also successful in reducing muscle-protein breakdown, while promoting muscle-protein synthesis. In addition, Wilson et al (58) found a 3-g bolus of HMB-Ca to significantly attenuate indices of muscle damage when taken before exercise (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise

Townsend

Fragala

Jajtner

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-free acid (HMB-FA) and cold-water immersion (CWI) on circulating concentrations of TNF-α and monocyte TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) expression. Forty resistance-trained men (22.3 ± 2.4 yr) were randomized into four groups [placebo (PL), HMB-FA, CWI, and HMB-FA-CWI] and performed an acute, intense exercise protocol (four sets of up to 10 repetitions of the squat, dead lift, and split squat). Participants also performed four sets of up to 10 repetitions of the squat at 24 and 48 h following the initial exercise bout. Blood was sampled before exercise (PRE), immediately postexercise (IP), and 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h postexercise (30P, 24P, and 48P, respectively). Circulating TNF-α was assayed, and TNFR1 expression on CD14+ monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The exercise protocol significantly elevated TNF-α in only PL (P = 0.006) and CWI (P = 0.045) IP. Mean percent changes show that TNF-α significantly increased from PRE to IP for only PL and CWI groups (P < 0.05), whereas the percent change of TNF-α for HMB-FA and HMB-FA-CWI was not significant. TNFR1 expression was elevated in PL (P = 0.023) and CWI (P = 0.02) at 30P compared with PRE, whereas both HMB-FA-treated groups did not increase significantly. In conclusion, HMB-FA attenuated circulating TNF-α IP and TNFR1 expression during recovery compared with PL and CWI. HMB-FA supplementation may attenuate the initial immune response to intense exercise, which may reduce recovery time following intense exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise

Townsend

Fragala

Jajtner

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Dunsmore and colleagues [ 187 ] assessed the effects of 3 g/day HMB free acid (FA) or a placebo over the course of a 12-week periodized resistance training study. Following the 12-week intervention, strength, power, and muscle hypertrophy improved among the HMB supplement group.…”

Section: β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyratementioning

confidence: 99%

Building Muscle Mass: Physiology, Nutrition, and Supplementation

Levers

Vargo

2015

Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise

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One of the most common-sought after goals in athletic performance is attaining and maintaining muscle mass. From protein to creatine, arginine to human growth hormone, how is one to determine what really works, what is legitimate, and what is merely another gimmick in the supplement industry? Coupling the array of supplements with the unique performance needs of an athlete creates an infi nite amount of possible combinations. How do you know what is the right combination for successfully building the desired amount of muscle mass, maintaining an "optimal" body composition, and (during periods when additional body mass is desired) ensuring lean mass is gained over fat mass? It is with great time, research, and a foundation laid for us by our predecessors in the fi eld of sports nutrition that we write this chapter on muscle building and optimizing lean body mass. By the end of this chapter you should be able to:• Describe the muscle building process • Defi ne and determine net protein balance • Describe how genetics play a role in muscle growth • Know the recommended amounts of protein for gaining muscle • Know the suggested protein: carbohydrate ratio for optimal muscle hypertrophy • Defi ne nutrient timing and its role in muscle hypertrophy • Explain the difference between whey, casein, egg, soy, and vegan protein supplements

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“…Normal plasma range of HMB concentrations is 1 to 4 µmol/L, but can increase 5-to 10-fold following leucine administration [32]. Although some foods including citrus fruits, some fish, and breast milk have a mount of HMB [29], it is impractical to provide the typical 3 g daily dosage of HMB used in most previous human studies that demonstrate improvement of body composition [5,6,[8][9][10], and muscle strength [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, HMB supplementation is a reasonable way for different athletes, specifically, those who participate in resistance training programs to obviate the recommended daily amount of HMB.…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Hmb Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientific researches during the past 20 years demonstrate that HMB supplementation in conjunction with resistance training may improve body composition [5][6][7][8][9][10], muscle strength [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12] and power [5,8,11]. It has also been reported that supplying HMB promotes favorable changes in aerobic [13][14][15] and anaerobic [9,13,16] capacity, and muscle recovery after exercise [10,[17][18][19][20] in different athletes. To date, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated the aforementioned actions of HMB supplementation in a variety of populations [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leucine Metabolite (Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers: a Review on Recent Literature

Arazi¹,

Taati²

2018

Preprint

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β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a bioactive metabolite formed from breakdown of the branched-chain amino acid leucine. Given the popularity of HMB supplements among different athletes, specifically, those who engage in regular resistance training, this review was performed to summarize current literature on some aspects of HMB supplementation that have received less attention. Because of the small number of published studies, it has not been possible to conclude the exact effects of HMB on cardiovascular parameters, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Thus, the interpretation of outcomes should be taken cautiously. However, the data presented here suggest that acute HMB supplementation may attenuate pro-inflammatory response following an intense resistance exercise in athletes. Also, the available findings collectively indicate that chronic HMB consumption in conjunction with resistance training has no more adaptive advantages associated with decreasing cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress markers. Taken together, there is clearly a need for further well-designed, longer duration studies to support these findings and determine whether HMB supplementation affects the adaptations induced by resistance training associated with body’s inflammatory condition, antioxidative defense system, and cardiovascular risk factors in humans.

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Effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid gel supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance trained individuals

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise

Building Muscle Mass: Physiology, Nutrition, and Supplementation

Effects of Leucine Metabolite (Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers: a Review on Recent Literature

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Effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid gel supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance trained individuals

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise

Building Muscle Mass: Physiology, Nutrition, and Supplementation

Effects of Leucine Metabolite (&Beta;-Hydroxy-&Beta;-Methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers: a Review on Recent Literature

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Effects of Leucine Metabolite (Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers: a Review on Recent Literature