Effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues on induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells

22‐Oxa‐1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 efficiently inhibits tumor growth in inoculated mice and primary histoculutre of cholangiocarcinoma

“…The antitumor activity of 22-oxa-D 3 was more obvious in our mouse model than in cell cultures. The enhancement of 22-oxa-D 3 activity and its role in suppressing tumor growth in vivo can be explained by the finding that, apart from inducing cell cycle arrest as a result of enhanced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 WAF1 and p27 Kip1 , 23,24 , a variety of mechanisms, including the regulation of angiogenesis, 25 increased apoptosis, 26 and reduced tumor invasiveness, 25,27 reportedly responsible for the actions of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . These latter 3 mechanisms could not be demonstrated in our CCA cell culture studies.…”

Challenge and promise: roles for clusterin in pathogenesis, progression and therapy of cancer

“…1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) or its analogues inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a broad variety of cell lines, including cancer cells. 13,20,[30][31][32] Other factors that have been shown to affect the expression of CLU in tumour cells include various growth factors that mediate proliferation and differentiation signals that are important for tumour cell growth. CLU mRNA was induced and activated in PC12 prostate cancer cells by nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor.…”

The GH–IGF-I axis and breast cancer

“…It plays an important role in tumour angiogenesis 134 137 and has been shown to block the mitogenic effects of IGF-1 [138][139][140] . The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear.…”