Effects in Man of the Anticholinesterase Compound Sarin (Isopropyl Methyl Phosphonofluoridate)1

Grob, David; Harvey, John C.

doi:10.1172/jci103615

Cited by 178 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Additionally, the RBC AChE levels in the guinea pigs receiving 0.4 x LD 50 sarin never fell below 10% of baseline values. It is commonly accepted that the only way that RBC AChE can be replaced once it is irreversibly inhibited by nerve agents is by de novo synthesis (Harris et al, 1971) of new RBCs, which is thought to occur at the rate of 1-2% per day (Grob and Harvey, 1958). Therefore, we must rule out the possibility that daily replenishment alone of RBC AChE is accounting for the failure of RBC AChE levels in our animals to fall below 10% of baseline values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The parallels between the onset of signs following the second 0.5 x LD 50 sarin injection and the rapid reduction of the RBC AChE levels to approximately 14% of control values after the 2 nd injection are consistent with the results of Grob and his associates. They found that the onset of signs upon human exposure to DFP (Grob et al, 1947) or sarin (Grob and Harvey, 1958) was correlated with rapid decreases of RBC AChE levels to 30 and 22% of baseline values, respectively. However, when the OPs were administered at lower doses over several days, there was no correlation between the onset of signs and RBC AChE levels (Grob et al, 1947).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we must rule out the possibility that daily replenishment alone of RBC AChE is accounting for the failure of RBC AChE levels in our animals to fall below 10% of baseline values. The failure of RBC AChE to fall below 10% of baseline levels is most likely a combination of de novo RBC AChE synthesis (Grob and Harvey, 1958;Harris et al, 1971) and an increasing rate of spontaneous reactivation of RBC AChE associated with repeated exposures to nerve agents (Lanks et al, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure☆

Shih¹,

Hulet²,

McDonough³

2006

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure☆

Shih¹,

Hulet²,

McDonough³

2006

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…Reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity to 10 ±20 % of normal activity in man results usually in death [5]. Different chromatographic methods for the determination of chlorpyrifos in food and environmental samples [6][7].…”

Section: Chlorpyrifos[oo-diethyl-o-356-trichloro-2-pyridylphosphormentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of UV Spectrophotometric and HPLC Methods for Quantitative Determination of Chlorpyrifos

Zalat

Elsayed

Fayed

et al. 2013

ILCPA

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A specific and sensitive HPLC and UV spectrophotometric methodwere developed for determination and analysis of chlorpyrifos. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a 150 mm x 10 mm I.D. reversed phase column Zorbax SB C-18. usingdeionizedwater: acetonitrile in the ratio of 10:90 v/v respectively as mobile phase. The effluent was monitored at 290 and 230 nm. Two sharp peaks were obtained for the solvent and chlorpyrifos at 2.7 and 3.45 min respectively. UV spectrophotometric method was performed at 290 nm using Isopropanol as the solvent. Linear range was 0.025-3500 ppm (r 2 = 0.9986 ±0.0009) for HPLC method and 2.229 to 200 ppm (r 2 = 0.9988) for UV spectrophotometric method. Validation guidelines and statistical analysis showed that both the methods were precise, accurate, sensitive, and can be used for the routine quality control of chlorpyrifos in waste discharges

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“…It is well documented that recovery from miosis can take days or weeks (79). Recovery of ChE activity can take months (87,95,96). It has also been reported that electroencephalogram and electromyogram abnormalities can persist for over a year and are sometimes not demonstrable without highly sophisticated techniques (15,(19)(20)(21)(22)79).…”

Section: Ch2-ch2-ci S Ch2-ch2-cimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazards of chemical weapons release during war: new perspectives.

Reutter

1999

Environ Health Perspect

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The two major threat classes of chemical weapons are mustard gas and the nerve agents, and this has not changed in over 50 years. Both types are commonly called gases, but they are actually liquids that are not re ly voatile. These agents were designed specifically to harm people by any route of exposure and to be effective at low doses. Mustard gas was used in World War I, and the nerve agents were developed shortly before, during, and after World War II. Our perception of the potency of chemical weapons has changed, as well as our concern over potential effects of prolonged exposures to low doses and potential target populations that indude women and cildren. Many of the toxicologic studies and human toxicity esmates for both mustard and nerve agents were designed for the purpose of quickly developing maximal casualties in the least sensitive male soldier. The 'toxcity" of the chemical weapons has not changed, but our perception of 'toxicity" has.

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Effects in Man of the Anticholinesterase Compound Sarin (Isopropyl Methyl Phosphonofluoridate)1

Cited by 178 publications

References 13 publications

The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure☆

The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure☆

Validation of UV Spectrophotometric and HPLC Methods for Quantitative Determination of Chlorpyrifos

Hazards of chemical weapons release during war: new perspectives.

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