Effects and Mechanisms of Cognitive, Aerobic Exercise, and Combined Training on Cognition, Health, and Brain Outcomes in Physically Inactive Older Adults: The Projecte Moviment Protocol

Castells-Sánchez, Alba; Roig-Coll, Francesca; Lamonja-Vicente, Noemí; Altés-Magret, Marina; Torán-Monserrat, Pere; Via, Marc; García-Molina, Alberto; Tormos, José; Heras, Antonio; Alzamora, María Teresa; Forés, Rosa; Pera, Guillem; Dacosta-Aguayo, Rosalía; Soriano-Raya, Juan José; Cáceres, Cynthia; Montero-Alía, Pilar; Montero-Alía, Juan José; Jimenez-Gonzalez, Maria Mercedes; Hernández‐Pérez, María; Perera, Alexandre; Grove, George; Munuera, Josep; Domènech, Sira; Erickson, Kirk I.; Mataró, María

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00216

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…This is a cross-sectional study based on Projecte Moviment (Castells-Sánchez et al, 2019 ) and is drawn from our previously published results (Castells-Sánchez et al, 2020 ). The study was carried out by the University of Barcelona in collaboration with Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol and Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Level 1 outcomes, we obtained peripheral BDNF levels using an ELISA kit (Human Free BDNF Quantikine ELISA Kit; R&D Systems, Minnesota, USA). The rest of the molecular markers were selected according to the Projecte Moviment trial (Castells-Sánchez et al, 2019 ). TNF-α, ICAM-1, HGF, and SDF1-α levels were analyzed quantitatively using the corresponding ELISA immunoassay method (Human TNF-α Quantikine HS ELISA, Human ICAM-1/CD54 Allele-specific Quantikine ELISA Kit, Human HGF Quantikine ELISA Kit, Human CXCL12/SDF-1 alpha Quantikine ELISA Kit; R&D Systems, Minnesota, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural MRI data was collected in a 3T Siemens Magnetom Verio Symo MR B17 (Siemens 243 Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) for all participants (Castells-Sánchez et al, 2019 ). We acquired T1-weighted multi-planar reformat sequences (acquisition time: 5:26 min, voxel: 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 mm, TR/TE/TI: 1900/2.73/900 ms, flip angle: 9°, slices: 192; thickness: 0.9 mm) and an expert neuroradiologist visually checked them for artifacts or clinical brain conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings related to white matter (WM) indicated that engaging more frequently in PA could increase WM global volume (Gow et al, 2012;Benedict et al, 2013;Arnardottir et al, 2016). Only a few studies have examined the relationship between CRF and WM volume and did not find significant results (Burns et al, 2008;Gordon et al, 2008;Honea et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men

Castells-Sánchez

Roig-Coll

Dacosta-Aguayo

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Although exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect in aging, the mediators underlying the exercise-cognition association remain poorly understood. In this paper we aimed to study the molecular, brain, and behavioral changes related to physical activity and their potential role as mediators.Methods: We obtained demographic, physical activity outcomes [sportive physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)], plasma biomarkers (TNF-α, ICAM-1, HGF, SDF1-α, and BDNF), structural-MRI (brain volume areas), psychological and sleep health (mood, depressive and distress symptoms, and sleep quality), and multi-domain cognitive data from 115 adults aged 50–70 years. We conducted linear regression models and mediation analyses stratifying results by sex in a final sample of 104 individuals [65 women (age = 56.75 ± 4.96) and 39 men (age = 58.59 ± 5.86)].Results: Women engaging in greater amounts of exercising showed lower TNF-α levels and greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe volumes. Men engaging in greater amounts of exercise showed greater temporal lobe volumes. CRF levels were not related to any of the analyzed outcomes in women but in men higher CRF was associated with lower TNF-α, HGF and ventricle volumes, greater volume of temporal and parietal lobes and fewer depressive symptoms and better mood. In men, reduced TNF-α and HGF levels mediated brain and cognitive CRF-related benefits.Conclusion: Our results show that exercise is a promising approach for influencing inflammation and brain volume and also contributes to ongoing discussions about the physiological mediators for the association between CRF and cognition in men.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men

Castells-Sánchez

Roig-Coll

Dacosta-Aguayo

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…As a multifactorial determinant exercise impacts overall tissue biology, and modification of metabolomic composition may explain er central consequences of physical activity [12]. The brain metabolome analysis provides a large-scale quantitative and qualitative profiling of the metabolites that are the essential components of the brain functioning, offering a key opportunity to advance in neuroscience [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis

et al. 2020

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Physical activity impacts brain functions, but the direct mechanisms of this effect are not fully recognized or understood. Among multidimensional changes induced by physical activity, brain fatty acids (FA) appear to play an important role; however, the knowledge in this area is particularly scarce. Here we performed global metabolomics profiling of the hippocampus and the frontal cortex (FC) in a model of voluntary running in mice. Examined brain structures responded differentially to physical activity. Specifically, the markers of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were downregulated in the FC, whereas glycolysis was enhanced in the hippocampus. Physical activity stimulated production of myristic, palmitic and stearic FA; i.e., the primary end products of de novo lipogenesis in the brain, which was accompanied by increased expression of hippocampal fatty acid synthase (FASN), suggesting stimulation of lipid synthesis. The changes in the brain fatty acid profile were associated with reduced anxiety level in the running mice. Overall, the study examines exercise-related metabolic changes in the brain and links them to behavioral outcomes.

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Changes in cardiovascular health and white matter integrity with aerobic exercise, cognitive and combined training in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the “Projecte Moviment” randomized controlled trial

Roig-Coll,

Castells-Sánchez,

Monté-Rubio

et al. 2023

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Introduction This is a 12-weeks randomized controlled trial examining the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT) and their combination (COMB). We aim to investigate their impact on cardiovascular health and white matter (WM) integrity and how they contribute to the cognitive benefits. Methods 109 participants were recruited and 82 (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47) finished the intervention with > 80% adherence. We report changes in cardiovascular risk factors and WM integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA); mean diffusivity (MD)), how they might be related to changes in physical activity, age and sex, and their potential role as mediators in cognitive improvements. Results A decrease in BMI (SMD = − 0.32, p = 0.039), waist circumference (SMD = − 0.42, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD = − 0.42, p = 0.006) in the AE group and a decrease in BMI (SMD = − 0.34, p = 0.031) and DBP (SMD = − 0.32, p = 0.034) in the COMB group compared to the waitlist control group was observed. We also found decreased global MD in the CCT group (SMD = − 0.34; p = 0.032) and significant intervention-related changes in FA and MD in the frontal and temporal lobes in the COMB group. Conclusions We found changes in anthropometric measures that suggest initial benefits on cardiovascular health after only 12 weeks of AE and changes in WM microstructure in the CCT and COMB groups. These results add evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT031123900.

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Effects and Mechanisms of Cognitive, Aerobic Exercise, and Combined Training on Cognition, Health, and Brain Outcomes in Physically Inactive Older Adults: The Projecte Moviment Protocol

Cited by 21 publications

References 101 publications

Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men

Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men

Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis

Changes in cardiovascular health and white matter integrity with aerobic exercise, cognitive and combined training in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the “Projecte Moviment” randomized controlled trial

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