Effects and Mechanism of Huannao Yicong Decoction Extract on the Ethology of Transgenic APP/PS1 Mice

Abstract

To investigate the mechanism of Huannao Yicong Decoction (HYD) extract on improving of learning memory of transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice, we randomly divided 60 transgenic APP/PS1 mice of 3 months old into 4 groups: the model group, the Donepezil group, the HYD-L group, and the HYD-H group, with 15 C57BL/6J mice of the same genetic background as the control group. These mice were gavaged for 6 months in a row. The results showed that the latency was significantly shortened and the number of passing through the original platform was increased. HYD extract can increase the amount of neurons and improve the morphological structure of Nissl body obviously. The γ-secretase activity and the expression of phosphorylated APP, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 in hippocampal CA1 were significantly decreased. The expressions of protein and mRNA of PEN-2 and CREB in hippocampal were significantly downregulated. These results demonstrated that HYD extract can improve the memory ability of transgenic APP/PS1 mice, which was related to the protection of neurons and structure of Nissl body, reducing cleavage of APP and production of Aβ and inhibiting the activity of γ-secretase by decreasing CREB activity because of downregulated expression of PEN-2.

The Toxicity and Effecting Mechanism of Huan Nao Yi Cong Decoction: A Lipidomics Approach

“…Interestingly, the levels of THSG, aloe emodin, emodin and physcion in HYD were signi cantly lower than those in the PMR and PMRP samples, indicating that the toxicity of the four components may be inhibited when combined. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we have found the main active components of HYD to include ferulic acid, stilbene glycoside, berberine hydrochloride, ginseng saponin Rg1, Rb1, Re, and emodin [20].…”

“…The pool was divided into four quadrants, and a platform was placed in the centre of the second quadrant. After the injection of clean water above the platform (1 cm), the water temperature was maintained at 23±2°C, and an appropriate amount of ink was added to hide the platform [20].…”

“…HYD is composed of PRMP, Ginseng Radix, Acorus calamus Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Ligusticum Striatum Rhizoma (Table 1). Notably, PMRP as the main drug in HYD did not induce hepatic injury in our long-term clinical treatment of AD but showed signi cant therapeutic effects [17][18][19][20]. Therefore, in the present study, we explored whether PMRP induces hepatic injury when applied as part of the Chinese herbal formula HYD and investigating the underlying functional mechanisms, the latter being the main focus of the study.…”

The Chinese herbal formula <em>Fuzheng</em> <em>Quxie</em> Decoction attenuates cognitive impairment and protects cerebrovascular function in SAMP8 mice

“…Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and toxins can be respectively interpreted into modern concepts of aging symptoms, hyperlipemia, and Aβ and tau-protein deposition. Accumulating data have demonstrated that medicinal Chinese herbs or herbal formulas, such as Radix Ginseng , 14 , 15 Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong , Rhizoma Coptidis , 16 , 17 Qifu Yin , 18 and Huannao Yicong Decoction, 19 – 22 tonify qi, dissolve blood stasis, and remove toxins to delay onset and progression of AD, and these have been widely used in clinics to treat AD in China.…”