Effects and control of metal nutrients and species on <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> growth and bloom

Zhou, Haidong; Chen, Xiaomeng; Liu, Xiaojing; Xuan, Yumei; Hu, Tao

doi:10.2175/106143017x15131012188303

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Further, 0.5 mg/L ZnCl 2 concentration was found to largely inhibit cell concentration (cell/mL) by Day 15 {(0.01/8.41) × 100~99.9% inhibition} and decreased the turbidity of the culture. This result is similar to gradual cell density decrease with increasing Zn 2+ concentration [11]. Additionally, it was also similar to M. aeruginosa Kütz 854 cultures showing chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein decrease at CdCl 2 concentrations of 1 and 2 µM, and a bactericidal reaction at 4 µM CdCl 2 treatment [58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Additionally, low levels of both Cd and Pb (1-5 mg/L) resulted in increases of chlorophyll fluorescence during 24-h incubation, and showed that specific M. aeruginosa strain was not inhibited at those concentrations. Conversely, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ was shown to increase M. aeruginosa cell density with increasing concentrations up to Toxins 2020, 12, 92 9 of 17 12 mg/L [11]. Lastly, M. aeruginosa (FACHB-905) cultures were observed to show levels of resistance and recovery to treatment with arsenic (III) concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) after 48 h incubation, and only showed marked damaging effects to growth and carotenoids production at 10 mg/L [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production

Perez

Chu

2020

Toxins

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Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are primarily caused by man-made eutrophication and increasing climate-change conditions. The presence of heavy metal runoff in affected water systems may result in CHABs alteration to their ecological interactions. Certain CHABs produce by-products, such as microcystin (MC) cyanotoxins, that have detrimentally affected humans through contact via recreation activities within implicated water bodies, directly drinking contaminated water, ingesting biomagnified cyanotoxins in seafood, and/or contact through miscellaneous water treatment. Metallothionein (MT) is a small, metal-sequestration cysteine rich protein often upregulated within the stress response mechanism. This study focused on zinc metal resistance and stress response in a toxigenic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385, by monitoring cells with (0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L) ZnCl 2 treatment. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy were used to evaluate physiological responses in cultures. Molecular assays and an immunosorbent assay were used to characterize the expression of MT and MC under zinc stress. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was 0.25 mg/L ZnCl 2 . Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy showed morphological changes occurred in cultures exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl 2 . Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of selected cDNA samples showed significant upregulation of Mmt through all time points, significant upregulation of mcyC at a later time point. ELISA MC-LR analysis showed extracellular MC-LR (µg/L) and intracellular MC-LR (µg/cell) quota measurements persisted through 15 days, although 0.25 mg/L ZnCl 2 treatment produced half the normal cell biomass and 0.5 mg/L treatment largely inhibited growth. The 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl 2 treated cells demonstrated a~40% and 33% increase of extracellular MC-LR(µg/L) equivalents, respectively, as early as Day 5 compared to control cells. The 0.5 mg/L ZnCl 2 treated cells showed higher total MC-LR (µg/cell) quota yield by Day 8 than both 0 mg/L ZnCl 2 control cells and 0.1 mg/L ZnCl 2 treated cells, indicating release of MCs upon cell lysis. This study showed this Microcystis aeruginosa strain is able to survive in 0.25 mg/L ZnCl 2 concentration. Certain morphological zinc stress responses and the upregulation of mt and mcy genes, as well as periodical increased extracellular MC-LR concentration with ZnCl 2 treatment were observed. Key Contribution: Zinc stress causes cyanotoxin production increase in M. aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production

Perez

Chu

2020

Toxins

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“…A third explanation is related to iron, which is a required trace element but also a factor limiting the growth of phytoplankton. Previous studies have shown that cyanobacteria are highly sensitive to iron deficiency, and that iron is essential to bloom formation (Fu, et al 2019, Gress, et al 2004, Larson, et al 2018, Molot, et al 2014, Paczuska and Kosakowska 2003, Parparova and Yacobi 1998, Zhou, et al 2019. It has been suggested that ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) diffusing from anoxic sediments is a major iron source for cyanobacteria (Molot, et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A species of magnetotactic deltaproteobacterium was detected at the highest abundance during an algal bloom

Pan

Dong

Teng

et al. 2019

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of microorganisms that have the ability to synthesize intracellular magnetic crystals (magnetosomes). They prefer microaerobic or anaerobic aquatic sediments. Thus, there is growing interest in their ecological roles in various habitats. In this study we found co-occurrence of a large rod-shaped deltaproteobacterial magnetotactic bacterium (tentatively named LR-1) in the sediment of a brackish lagoon with algal bloom. Electron microscopy observations showed that they were ovoid to slightly curved rods having a mean length of 6.3 ± 1.1 μm and a mean width of 4.1 ± 0.4 μm. Each cell had a single polar flagellum. They contained hundreds of bullet-shaped intracellular magnetite magnetosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were most closely related to Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1, and belonged to the Deltaproteobacteria. Our findings indicate that LR-1 may be a new species of MTB. We propose that deltaproteobacterial MTB may play an important role in iron cycling and so may represent a reservoir of iron, and be an indicator species for monitoring algal blooms in such eutrophic ecosystems. These observations provide new clues to the cultivation of magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria and the control of algal blooms, although further studies are needed.

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“…The above three plants were all collected by salesmen from rivers or ponds in the wild. The information about the supply and cultivation of M. aeruginosa could be found in the previous study (Zhou et al, 2019). The basic information about the hydrophytes is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic fate in an artificial‐constructed urban river planted with the algae Microcystis aeruginosa and emergent hydrophyte

Zhou

Cui

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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The behavior and removal of six antibiotics, that is, azithromycin, clarithromycin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline, in an artificial‐controllable urban river (ACUR) were investigated. The ACUR was constructed to form five artificial eco‐systems by planting three emergent hydrophytes and Microcystis aeruginosa: (1) Control; (2) MA: M. aeruginosa only; (3) MA‐J‐C: M. aeruginosa combined with Juncus effusus and Cyperus alternifolius; (4) MA‐C‐A: M. aeruginosa combined with C. alternifolius and Acorus calamus L.; (5) MA‐A‐J: M. aeruginosa combined with A. calamus L. and J. effusus. The MA‐C‐A system achieved the best removal of azithromycin and clarithromycin after 15‐day test with the final concentrations 0.92 and 0.83 μg/L. The contents of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in sediment were highest, up to 1453 and 1745 ng/g. The antibiotic plant bioaccumulation was higher in roots rather than the shoots (stem and leaves). No target antibiotics were detected in algae cells. The combination of hybrid hydrophytes had a certain effect on the removal of antibiotics, and thus selecting appropriate hydrophytes in urban rivers could greatly improve water quality. The overall removal of six antibiotics was greatly improved by the ACUR containing the hybrid hydrophytes and the algae, indicating a synergistic effect on antibiotic removal. Practitioner points Controllable‐mobile artificial eco‐systems were developed with emergent hydrophytes and M. aeruginosa. The M. aeruginosa + Cyperus alternifolius + Acorus calamus L. system removed azithromycin and clarithromycin most at the end of tests. Emergent hydrophytes and M. aeruginosa have a synergistic effect on the removal of antibiotics. The combination of emergent hydrophytes did play an important role in the removal of antibiotics. The artificial eco‐systems containing the hybrid hydrophytes and the algae could greatly improve the overall removal of antibiotics.

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Effects and control of metal nutrients and species on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and bloom

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production

Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production

A species of magnetotactic deltaproteobacterium was detected at the highest abundance during an algal bloom

Antibiotic fate in an artificial‐constructed urban river planted with the algae Microcystis aeruginosa and emergent hydrophyte

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