Effectors of Plant Necrotrophic Fungi

Shao, Dandan; Smith, Damon; Kabbage, Mehdi; Roth, Mitchell G.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.687713

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Fungal pathogens secrete virulence factors or effector proteins to overcome host defenses and to facilitate the infection [37][38][39][40][41]. We characterized the first small-secreted virulence factor in a predatory fungus, the nematode-trapping fungus D. flagrans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans

Wernet

Fischer

2021

PLoS Pathog

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Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a diverse and intriguing group of fungi that live saprotrophically but can switch to a predatory lifestyle when starving and in the presence of nematodes. NTF like Arthrobotrys oligospora or Duddingtonia flagrans produce adhesive trapping networks to catch and immobilize nematodes. After penetration of the cuticle, hyphae grow and develop inside the worm and secrete large amounts of hydrolytic enzymes for digestion. In many microbial pathogenic interactions small-secreted proteins (SSPs) are used to manipulate the host. The genome of D. flagrans encodes more than 100 of such putative SSPs one of which is the cysteine-rich protein CyrA. We have chosen this gene for further analysis because it is only found in NTF and appeared to be upregulated during the interaction. We show that the cyrA gene was transcriptionally induced in trap cells, and the protein accumulated at the inner rim of the hyphal ring before Caenorhabditis elegans capture. After worm penetration, the protein appeared at the fungal infection bulb, where it is likely to be secreted with the help of the exocyst complex. A cyrA-deletion strain was less virulent, and the time from worm capture to paralysis was extended. Heterologous expression of CyrA in C. elegans reduced its lifespan. CyrA accumulated in C. elegans in coelomocytes where the protein possibly is inactivated. This is the first example that SSPs may be important in predatory microbial interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans

Wernet

Fischer

2021

PLoS Pathog

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“…These authors concluded that hemibiotrophy in C. higginsianum is orchestrated through the coordinated expression and secretion of effector waves. It should be emphasized that expression and function of effectors genes has not only been analyzed in Colletotrichum species [ 65 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ], but also in several other fungal pathogens [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Hiding Of Pamps Contributes To the Establishment Of Compatib...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogenesis-Related Cell Wall Biogenesis, with Emphasis on the Maize Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum graminicola

Silva

Aliyeva-Schnorr

Wirsel

et al. 2022

Plants

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The genus Colletotrichum harbors many plant pathogenic species, several of which cause significant yield losses in the field and post harvest. Typically, in order to infect their host plants, spores germinate, differentiate a pressurized infection cell, and display a hemibiotrophic lifestyle after plant invasion. Several factors required for virulence or pathogenicity have been identified in different Colletotrichum species, and adaptation of cell wall biogenesis to distinct stages of pathogenesis has been identified as a major pre-requisite for the establishment of a compatible parasitic fungus–plant interaction. Here, we highlight aspects of fungal cell wall biogenesis during plant infection, with emphasis on the maize leaf anthracnose and stalk rot fungus, Colletotrichum graminicola.

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“…Important virulence components of Sclerotinia include secreted and effector-like proteins and are reviewed in detail by Derbyshire et al (2017) , Xu et al (2018) , McCaghey et al (2019) , Xia et al (2020) , and Shao et al (2021) . Historically, fungal effectors have been defined as small, secreted proteins that modulate the host cell to facilitate infection.…”

Section: Pathogen Epidemiology and Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling Control of a Cosmopolitan Phytopathogen: Sclerotinia

2021

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Phytopathogenic members of the Sclerotinia genus cause widespread disease across a broad range of economically important crops. In particular, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is considered one of the most destructive and cosmopolitan of plant pathogens. Here, were review the epidemiology of the pathogen, its economic impact on agricultural production, and measures employed toward control of disease. We review the broad approaches required to tackle Sclerotinia diseases and include cultural practices, crop genetic resistance, chemical fungicides, and biological controls. We highlight the benefits and drawbacks of each approach along with recent advances within these controls and future strategies.

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Effectors of Plant Necrotrophic Fungi

Cited by 64 publications

References 147 publications

The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans

The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans

Fungal Pathogenesis-Related Cell Wall Biogenesis, with Emphasis on the Maize Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum graminicola

Tackling Control of a Cosmopolitan Phytopathogen: Sclerotinia

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