“…The cessation of chronic ethanol consumption has been shown to lead to the development of withdrawal symptoms both in human alcoholics and animal models (Weiss and Rosenberg, 1985;Wilson, 1988;Lal et al, 1993;Rassnick et al, 1993;Koob, 2003;Pandey, 2003;Pandey et al, 2003Pandey et al, , 2008. Anxiety-like behaviors, which appear during the early phase of withdrawal, play crucial roles in the maintenance of alcohol drinking behaviors in both humans and animals (Hershon, 1977;Wilson, 1988;Koob, 2003;Pandey, 2003;Funk et al, 2006).…”