Effectivity of X-ray test to evaluate the physiological quality of sesame seeds due to fruits position at the plant

Abstract

The IAC-Ouro sesame cultivar has recently expanded to Brazilian Northeast, but the studies related to physiological quality and vigor of seeds produced under these conditions are scarce yet. Due to difference in fruits maturity from different parts of the plant, the aim of this study was to relate X-ray images with the seed maturation degree and evaluate the quality of seeds from fruits located on the lower, middle and upper third of the stem. We growth the sesame in an experimental area and harvest the fruits from different positions at 103 days after sown. Seeds were taken out from fruits and evaluated through the following tests at laboratory: germination test, germination first count, germination speed index and germination average time, dry mass of 1,000 seeds, seedling dry mass, electrical conductivity and X-ray test. The seeds of fruits from lower plant third showed similar quality to the middle plant third, while the upper plant third fruits provided seeds less vigorous. The X-ray test was efficient in evaluating the degree of maturation of seeds, indicating a better quality of seeds from the lower and middle third of the plant, verified by more radiopacity. The fruits from the bottom of stem develop first, and therefore, are the first to mature, which can be harvested early, without loss of seeds quality and vigor.Key words: germination; seeds maturation; Sesamum indicum L.; vigor Efetividade do teste de raios x para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de gergelim em função da posição dos frutos na planta RESUMO A cultivar de gergelim IAC-Ouro recentemente tem se expandido para o Nordeste brasileiro, mas são escassos os estudos relacionados qualidade fisiológica e vigor das sementes produzidas nessas condições ambientais. Devido à diferença em maturidade dos frutos nas diferentes partes da planta, objetivou-se relacionar as imagens de raio x com o grau de maturação das sementes de gergelim e avaliar a qualidade das sementes oriundas de frutos localizados no terço inferior, mediano e superior do caule. Usou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As plantas foram cultivadas na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) e a colheita dos frutos de diferentes partes do caule foi realizada aos 103 dias após o plantio. As sementes foram retiradas dos frutos e submetidas aos seguintes testes em laboratório: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de germinação, massa seca de 1.000 sementes, massa seca das plântulas, condutividade elétrica e teste de raios x. As sementes dos frutos do terço inferior apresentaram qualidade semelhante às do terço mediano, enquanto que as do terço superior se mostraram menos vigorosas. O teste de raios x mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação do grau de maturação das sementes, evidenciando uma melhor qualidade das sementes oriundas dos terços inferior e mediano, verificada através de um maior grau de radiopacidade, o qual pode ser relacionado a menor qualidade das plântulas formadas (PN e MSP), sendo possível...

Parameters based on X-ray images to assess the physical and physiological quality of Leucaena leucocephala seeds

“…Other factors related to seed constitution may also affect the detailing of internal structures on the radiograph that is generated (Arruda et al, 2016). Nogueira Filho et al (2017) observed that the X-ray test did not allow determination of the level of development of the internal structures of sesame seeds, due to the impossibility of visualizing these structures, which resulted from the high oil concentration in sesame seeds, typical of oilseed plants. In this respect, the low oil concentration in L. leucocephala seeds, around 5.44% (Nehdi et al, 2014), may have contributed to allow visualization of the internal structures of the seeds.…”

X-ray imaging and digital processing application in non-destructive assessing of melon seed quality

“…Besides the water content, the level of detail of the internal seed parts of the radiographic image can be affected by other intrinsic factors of each species, such as its chemical composition (Simak, 1991). In sesame seeds, the X-ray test did not allow the determination of the level of development of internal seed structure, which according to the authors was due to its high oil content, typical of oilseeds (Nogueira-Filho et al, 2017). However, as shown in Figure 1, in melon seeds, whose oil content is within the range of 25.2 to 44.8% (Ibeto et al, 2012), it was possible the visualization with a high degree of detail of the internal seed morphology, with easy visual identification of seeds with incomplete filling and embryonic malformation ( Figure 1B), as well as physical damage caused by predation of insects and cracks, possibly during handling or drying processes ( Figure 1C).…”

X-rays for determination of papaya seeds viability

“…Relative and integrated density are variables used recently in research with seeds, which are still little reported, but with great potential for evaluating seed lots (ABUD; CICERO; MEDEIROS et al, 2018). These variables, calculated using the gray values of each pixel in the image, off er an idea of the resistance that a given tissue has to the passage of X-ray waves since the photons in an X-ray beam can be transmitted, scattered (Compton eff ect) or absorbed (photoelectric collision) when they collide with an object (KOTWALIWALE et al, 2014).…”

“…This method has proven effi cacy to determine the internal morphology and parameters associated with the physiological quality of several plant species, such as Cucumis sativus L. (GOMES JUNIOR; CHIQUITO; MARCOS FILHO, 2013), Cucurbita pepo L. (ANTONIO et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2014), Solanum aethiopicum L. (ALVES et al, 2018), Brassica oleracea L. var. italica (ABUD; CICERO; GOMES JUNIOR, 2018), Helianthus annuus L. (ROCHA; SILVA; CICERO, 2014), Crotalaria juncea L. (ARRUDA; CICERO; GOMES JUNIOR, 2016), Sesamum indicum L. (NOGUEIRA FILHO et al, 2017), Acca sellowiana (SILVA et al, 2013), Swingle citrumelo (ARRUDA; CICERO; GOMES JUNIOR, 2018), Anacardium occidentale L. (SILVA et al, 2017), Brachiaria brizantha. (JEROMINI et al, 2019), Terminalia argentea (GOMES et al, 2014), among other species.…”