Effectivity of a Program for the Control and Prevention of COVID-19 Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Spanish Academic Hospital

Gras-Valentí, Paula; Mora-Muriel, Juan Gabriel; Chico-Sánchez, Pablo; Algado-Sellés, Natividad; Soler-Molina, Victor M.; Hernández-Maldonado, María; Lameiras-Azevedo, Ana S.; Sepulveda, Natali Jimenez; Sotero, Isel L Gómez; Villanueva-Ruiz, C.; Barrenengoa-Sañudo, Julio; Fuster-Pérez, Marina; Cánovas-Jávega, Sandra; Cerezo-Milán, Patricia; Monerris-Palmer, Miranda; Llorens‐Soriano, Pere; Merino-Lucas, Esperanza; Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan Carlos; Gil-Carbonell, Joan; Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario; Pastor-Cesteros, Rogelio; Mena-Esquivias, Luis; Galiana-Ivars, María; Jaime-Sánchez, Francisco; Margarit-Ferri, Cesar; Gonzalez-deDios, Javier; Lloret, German; Garcia-Alonso, M.; Sánchez‐Paya, José

doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000852

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One study used the same definition of nosocomial cases in Japan and reported rate of nosocomial cases at 18.5% [12]. Another hospital in Spain, using an interval of 6 days, presented a nosocomial rate of 2.5% [13]. Percentages of nosocomial cases reported in 2 urology departments in Spain [14], a digestive surgery department in Paris [15], an orthopeadic surgery department in Spain [16] and a university Hospital in London [17] were 2.1%, 4.9%, 6.5% and 11.3% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection acquired in a French university hospital during the 1st wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, a prospective study

Landoas

Cazzorla

Gallouche

et al. 2021

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background In healthcare facilities, nosocomial transmissions of respiratory viruses are a major issue. SARS-CoV-2 is not exempt from nosocomial transmission. Our goals were to describe COVID-19 nosocomial cases during the first pandemic wave among patients in a French university hospital and compliance with hygiene measures. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in Grenoble Alpes University Hospital from 01/03/2020 to 11/05/2020. We included all hospitalised patients with a documented SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Nosocomial case was defined by a delay of 5 days between hospitalisation and first symptoms. Hygiene measures were evaluated between 11/05/2020 and 22/05/2020. Lockdown measures were effective in France on 17/03/2020 and ended on 11/05/2020. Systematic wearing of mask was mandatory for all healthcare workers (HCW) and visits were prohibited in our institution from 13/03/2021 and for the duration of the lockdown period. Results Among 259 patients included, 14 (5.4%) were considered as nosocomial COVID-19. Median time before symptom onset was 25 days (interquartile range: 12–42). Eleven patients (79%) had risk factors for severe COVID-19. Five died (36%) including 4 deaths attributable to COVID-19. Two clusters were identified. The first cluster had 5 cases including 3 nosocomial acquisitions and no tested HCWs were positive. The second cluster had 3 cases including 2 nosocomial cases and 4 HCWs were positive. Surgical mask wearing and hand hygiene compliance were adequate for 95% and 61% of HCWs, respectively. Conclusions The number of nosocomial COVID-19 cases in our hospital was low. Compliance regarding mask wearing, hand hygiene and lockdown measures drastically reduced transmission of the virus. Monitoring of nosocomial COVID-19 cases during the first wave enabled us to determine to what extent the hygiene measures taken were effective and patients protected. Trial registration Study ethics approval was obtained retrospectively on 30 September 2020 (CECIC Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, IRB 5891).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection acquired in a French university hospital during the 1st wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, a prospective study

Landoas

Cazzorla

Gallouche

et al. 2021

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…[ 61 ] observational India masks for reducing transmission testing (method not specified) incident tracking system Gras-Valenti et al . [ 62 ] observational Spain mask mandates for reducing transmission testing (method not specified) interview Guo et al . [ 63 ] observational China masks for reducing transmission RT-PCR questionnaire Howard-Anderson et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of face masks for reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a rapid systematic review

Boulos,

Curran,

Gallant

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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This rapid systematic review of evidence asks whether (i) wearing a face mask, (ii) one type of mask over another and (iii) mandatory mask policies can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, either in community-based or healthcare settings. A search of studies published 1 January 2020–27 January 2023 yielded 5185 unique records. Due to a paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies were included in the analysis. We analysed 35 studies in community settings (three RCTs and 32 observational) and 40 in healthcare settings (one RCT and 39 observational). Ninety-five per cent of studies included were conducted before highly transmissible Omicron variants emerged. Ninety-one per cent of observational studies were at ‘critical’ risk of bias (ROB) in at least one domain, often failing to separate the effects of masks from concurrent interventions. More studies found that masks ( n = 39/47; 83%) and mask mandates ( n = 16/18; 89%) reduced infection than found no effect ( n = 8/65; 12%) or favoured controls ( n = 1/65; 2%). Seven observational studies found that respirators were more protective than surgical masks, while five found no statistically significant difference between the two mask types. Despite the ROB, and allowing for uncertain and variable efficacy, we conclude that wearing masks, wearing higher quality masks (respirators), and mask mandates generally reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission in these study populations. This article is part of the theme issue 'The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: the evidence'.

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“…These studies all assessed SARS-CoV-2, the behavior of mask wearing, and the outcome of disease transmission in various settings. The majority of studies were from the United States (n=22) while the rest were conducted in China (n=9), 37,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Germany (n=4), [47][48][49][50] Japan (n=2), 51,52 Denmark (n=1), 53 Spain (n=1), 54 South Korea (n=1), 55 Pakistan (n=1), 56 Switzerland (n=1), 57 Finland (n=1), 58 Israel (n=1), 59 Greece (n=1), 60 Ethiopia (n=1), 61 Thailand (n=1), 62 and India (n=1). 63 Studies were conducted in healthcare settings (n=21), community and neighborhood settings (n=12), and in schools and universities (n=5; Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that looked exclusively at surgical masks included Meylan et al 57 and Wang et al 37 Both studies found that adherence to a mask policy within a hospital setting was associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 positivity. 37,57 Gras-Valentí et al 54 also evaluated the impact of the continuous use of a surgical mask among HCWs. The accumulated incidence of COVID-19 among HCWs during the preintervention period until the implementation of the continuous use of a surgical mask was 22.3 for every 1000 HCWs, and the risk during the intervention period was 8.2 for every 1000 HCWs.…”

Section: Type Of Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulated incidence of COVID-19 among HCWs during the preintervention period until the implementation of the continuous use of a surgical mask was 22.3 for every 1000 HCWs, and the risk during the intervention period was 8.2 for every 1000 HCWs. 54 Li et al 27 looked exclusively at cloth masks and the daily cumulative laboratory con rmed cases in New York City and COVID-19 transmissibility. They found that a cloth face covering was effective at reducing transmission capacity by 60% at the individual level for those susceptible to COVID-19.…”

Section: Type Of Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review

Crespo

Fornasier

Dionicio

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background. Since its emergence, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an unprecedented global pandemic. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of mask wearing is important to support guidelines for public health practice and implementation of infection-control strategies. Previous systematically reviews within controlled settings suggest wearing face masks are ‘efficacious’ at preventing COVID-19. However, a comprehensive review of the ‘effectiveness’ of face masks in preventing COVID-19 transmission in real-world settings is needed in order to generalize findings. The present study reviewed literature on the effectiveness of wearing face masks in preventing COVID-19 transmission in real-world settings. Methods. Following PRISMA guidelines, three databases and gray literature sources were searched up until January 2022. Inclusion criteria for studies were: 1) written in or translated into English; 2) assess the SARS-CoV-2 transmission; 3) assess the behavior of mask wearing and 4) study conducted in a non-laboratory-controlled setting (e.g., worksites, schools etc.). All 2,240 search results were reviewed for inclusion. Two reviewers extracted study characteristics. Three reviewers independently assessed quality of evidence and risk of bias using JBI critical appraisal tools. Results. This review identified 48 unique studies that met the criteria. Most studies investigated the effect of face masks in a healthcare setting (n=21, 43%). The majority (n=44; 91.6%) of studies showed that wearing face masks led to a reduction in transmission or risk of transmission of COVID-19, and the protective effect of masks was increased when combined with other preventive measures. The findings support that face masks may be up to 79% effective in preventing transmission in non-controlled real-life settings. Conclusions. The results of this systematic review strongly support public health recommendations for wearing a mask to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection in real-world settings. Effective communication efforts are needed to inform the general public of the benefits of wearing face masks to prevent COVID-19.

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Effectivity of a Program for the Control and Prevention of COVID-19 Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Spanish Academic Hospital

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection acquired in a French university hospital during the 1st wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, a prospective study

SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection acquired in a French university hospital during the 1st wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, a prospective study

Effectiveness of face masks for reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a rapid systematic review

Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review

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