Effectiveness of Water Fluoridation

Newbrun, Ernest

doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1989.tb02086.x

Cited by 136 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In an extensive review of studies conducted between 1979 and 1989, Newborn has found a difference of 15% to 35% in caries experience between fluoridated and non fluoride areas. The findings of this study are slightly less compared to the ones reported by Newborn [14].…”

Section: Children With Fluorosiscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Patterns and Distribution of Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Areas with Varying Degrees of Fluoride Ion Concentration in Drinking Water

2013

Oral Hyg Health

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In the present times, the relationship between water fluoride ion concentration, dental caries and dental fluorosis in not as clear as it was in the past. Also, the patterns and distribution of dental caries and dental fluorosis has been changing in the recent times. Data needs to be comprehensively re assessed in order to have preventive strategies balancing the burden of both the conditions. A community based epidemiological study was thus designed to assess the patterns and distribution of dental caries and dental fluorosis in areas with varying levels of water fluoride ion concentration in drinking water supply. A total of 2401 school children were examined, dental caries prevalence was 38% with a mean DMF(S) of 1.2 ± 0.79. Occlusal caries was most common with a mean score of 2.53 ± 1.3. Fluorosis prevalence was 45%. TSIF scores in the category of 1-3 were the most common encountered. No relation was observed between water fluoride levels and the prevalence of dental caries. At water fluoride level ranging from 0.3 ppm to 5.2 ppm, the most common form of fluorosis to be observed was in the TSIF scores ranging from 1-3.

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Section: Children With Fluorosiscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Patterns and Distribution of Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Areas with Varying Degrees of Fluoride Ion Concentration in Drinking Water

2013

Oral Hyg Health

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“…6 Fluoridation of drinking water has been advocated for several decades as a universal and efficient way of decreasing dental caries, particularly in children. [7][8][9][10] Most health agencies recommend a fluoride level of 1 mg/L in drinking water. At this level, total dietary intake of fluoride in most individuals would be, at most, 2 to 3 mg/day,1' substantially less than the daily dosages of fluoride received by patients with osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fluoridation of drinking water and hip fracture hospitalization rates in two Canadian communities.

Suarez‐Almazor¹,

Flowerdew²,

Saunders³

et al. 1993

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to compare hip fracture hospitalization rates between a fluoridated and a non-fluoridated community in Alberta, Canada: Edmonton, which has had fluoridated drinking water since 1967, and Calgary, which considered fluoridation in 1991 but is currently revising this decision. METHODS. Case subjects were all individuals aged 45 years or older residing in Edmonton or Calgary who were admitted to hospitals in Alberta between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1987, and who had a discharge diagnosis of hip fracture. Edmonton rates were compared with Calgary rates, with adjustment for age and sex using the Edmonton population as a standard. RESULTS. The hip fracture hospitalization rate for Edmonton from 1981 through 1987 was 2.77 per 1000 person-years. The age-sex standardized rate for Calgary was 2.78 per 1000 person-years. No statistically significant difference was observed in the overall rate, and only minor differences were observed within age and sex subgroups, with the Edmonton rates being higher in males. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that fluoridation of drinking water has no impact, neither beneficial nor deleterious, on the risk of hip fracture.

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“…This is because it is safe, low cost and covers a large part of the population [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . The United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention judges the measure as one of the ten most relevant public health achievements of the twentieth century.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoretação da água de abastecimento público: abordagem bioética, legal e política

Garbín¹,

Santos²,

Garbín³

et al. 2017

Rev. Bioét.

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This article aims to analyze the bioethical aspects and legal and political issues of water fluoridation, creating a discussion based on established studies and new research, in order to contribute to an ethical and impartial perspective on the subject. A bibliographic review study was performed, based on a survey of specialized literature on "fluoridation", "bioethics" and "fluoride poisoning". Water fluoridation is an important public health measure for the prevention of dental caries, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in several studies. As it is mandatory under Brazilian law, bioethical dilemmas arise due to the absence of individual choice on whether to consume or not consume fluoridated water. There appears to be no solution to this moral dilemma, as even if the measure were free from any risk, its compulsory application would still violate the principle of autonomy. Keywords: Fluoridation. Bioethics. Fluoride poisoning. ResumoFluoretação da água de abastecimento público: abordagem bioética, legal e política Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar aspectos bioéticos e questões legais e políticas da fluoretação de águas de abastecimento público, criando discussões baseadas em estudos consagrados e em novas pesquisas, a fim de contribuir para abordagem imparcial do tema. Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica realizada após levantamento de literatura especializada sobre "fluoretação", "bioética" e "intoxicação por flúor". Foram selecionados estudos que possibilitaram discussão plural, relevantes para o debate do tema. A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público é importante medida de saúde pública para prevenir a cárie dentária, tendo sua eficácia comprovada em vários estudos. Sua obrigatoriedade prevista por lei federal gera dilemas bioéticos, pois exclui a possibilidade de escolha individual de consumir ou não água fluoretada. Não parece haver saída para esse dilema moral, mesmo se a medida fosse livre de qualquer risco, pois ainda assim violaria o princípio da autonomia. Palavras-chave: Fluoretação. Bioética. Intoxicação por flúor. ResumenLa fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público: abordaje bioético, legal y político El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los aspectos bioéticos y asuntos legales y políticos de la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público, al crear discusiones en base a estudios consagrados y a nuevas investigaciones, con el fin de contribuir con un enfoque imparcial del tema. Se trata de la revisión bibliográfica realizada después de estudiar la literatura especializada sobre la "fluoración", "bioética" e " intoxicación por flúor". Se seleccionaron los estudios que permitieron la discusión plural, lo cual fue relevante para el debate del tema. La fluoración de agua de abastecimiento público es una medida de salud pública importante para prevenir la caries dental y su efectividad se comprobó en varios estudios. Su obligatoriedad prevista por la Ley Federal genera dilemas bioéticos, ya que elimina la posibilidad de la elección individual de consumir o no el agua fluo...

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Effectiveness of Water Fluoridation

Cited by 136 publications

References 37 publications

Patterns and Distribution of Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Areas with Varying Degrees of Fluoride Ion Concentration in Drinking Water

Patterns and Distribution of Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Areas with Varying Degrees of Fluoride Ion Concentration in Drinking Water

The fluoridation of drinking water and hip fracture hospitalization rates in two Canadian communities.

Fluoretação da água de abastecimento público: abordagem bioética, legal e política

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