Effectiveness of Using Natural Materials as a Coagulant for Reduction of Water Turbidity in Water Treatment

Abstract

Coagulation-Flocculation plays a significant role in drinking water treatment. Laboratory experiments were carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of using Conocarpus Leaves Solution (CLS) as a natural coagulant in conjunction with the synthetic chemical represented by Alum in the water purification. Biological test was carried out to confirm that these leaves are not toxic, followed by optimizing the dosage of alum and then Alum and CLS were applied to the turbid water whose turbidity level has two ranges, (20 -35) NTU and (90 -120) NTU, using the JAR Test. The parameters determined before and after coagulation were turbidity, pH and temperature. The experiments showed that the optimum dose of alum coagulant (individually) for high turbid water is about 18 mg/l with PH = 7 and 24 mg/l f with PH = 5 and 9. In addition, for the low turbidity water, the optimum dose of alum was lower than in the high turbid water. In terms of using Alum in conjunction with CLS, at high range of turbidity, the results show that at 33% ratio of leaves solution to alum coagulant, there are 50% and 75% turbidity reduction performed for the PH equal to 5 and 9 respectively. Although about 62% and 65% turbidity reduction were achieved at PH = 7 and PH = 9 in the low range level. However, low reduction in turbidity has occurred when the water PH = 5. The amount of leaves solution added to the water in the water treatment plant is highly important, hence it decreases the amount of using the synthetic chemicals by about 33% of the quantity that required for water treatment and that will help both, the water industry and the human health. More studies need to be achieved in particular different concentration of the Conocarpus leaves solution in order to improve the percentage of using the natural material as a coagulant.

Congruence Study between the Continuous Chemical Reactor (CSTR) and the Maturation Oxidation Ponds within Wastewater Treatment

“…The Oxygen gas which is produced by algae during the photosynthesis process is consumed by bacteria and increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in addition to lowering organic chemicals. Performance of elimination the BOD is dependent on several parameters and has a limit of roughly 80% -82% (Epa, 2011;Janna, 2016). The oxidation pond also depends on biological aspects rather than just the oxidation pond design itself (Dos et al, 2017).…”

“…Because of the photosynthetic activity of algae, the pond optimum depth which is detected in several plants is 44 cm deep (Epa, 2011). Because the pond is acting as shallow, photosynthetic activity supplies O 2 during the day, while wind provides aeration at night (Janna, 2016). Aerobic ponds have high biochemical oxygen requirements to achieve high potential of waste removal and are in appropriate regions with low land prices to decrease the cost.…”

Application of Plant-Based Coagulants and Their Mechanisms in Water Treatment: A Review

“…Optimum dosages were 150 mg/L for 50 NTU and 125 mg/L for 450 NTU, indicating that the optimum dosage decreases with increasing turbidity leve (2016) classified turbidity two games: low and high according to their values (in NTU); high turbidity water with a value between 90 and 120 NTU, while low turbidity is between 20 and 35 NTU. In other words, when turbidity is less than (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) NTU, water has low turbidity, while water has high turbidity when the turbidity value is greater than (90-120) NTU [50].…”

Revisión sobre clarificación del agua y el uso de semillas de moringa, Moringa oleífera Lam.

“…Previamente se realiza la mezcla rápida que para la mayoría de las aguas se realiza entre 30 a 60 segundos (49) y la coagulación o floculación se realiza después del mezclado con tiempos de retención que oscilan entre 15 y 45 minutos (51) , teniendo la coagulación-floculación un rol significativo en el tratamiento del agua para beber (52) . Este proceso de coagulación se realiza en 3 etapas separadas: adición de los coagulantes, dispersión de los coagulantes (mezcla rápida) y aglutinación de partículas (mezcla lenta) (53) , debiendo este proceso ser controlado muy bien por ser una de las etapas más importantes del tratamiento del agua (2) .…”