Effectiveness of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine among Children in Two Consecutive Seasons in a Community in Japan

Suzuki, Takaharu; Ono, Yoko; Maeda, Hidenori; Tsujimoto, Yoshiki; Shobugawa, Yugo; Dapat, Clyde; Hassan, Mohd Rohaizat; Yokota, Chihiro; Kondo, Hiroki; Dapat, Isolde C.; Saito, Ko; Saito, Reiko

doi:10.1620/tjem.232.97

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moreover, vaccination may not have been fully matched to the virus during that influenza season (National Institute of Infectious Diseases of Japan, 2015). However, the 10% effectiveness we observed was similar to that of a study, performed two years earlier, reporting that the effectiveness of vaccination in a community setting was 13% (Suzuki et al, 2014). Taken together, these results indicate that influenza vaccination may have about 10% effectiveness in natural settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This disparity may have been affected by vaccine coverage, which was 44.7% in higher grades and 51.4% in lower grades. Moreover, differences in the effectiveness of vaccination between children in elementary school and kindergarten may reflect differences in activities (Suzuki et al, 2014), suggesting that differences in vaccination effectiveness between higher and lower grade elementary schoolchildren may have been due to differences in activity. In addition, vaccination was recently reported to be less protective in older than in younger schoolchildren (Shinjoh et al, 2015) and this may explain partly the disparity of effectiveness found in the age groups in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of vaccination and wearing masks on seasonal influenza in Matsumoto City, Japan, in the 2014/2015 season: An observational study among all elementary schoolchildren

Uchida

Kaneko

Hidaka

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Measures of seasonal influenza control are generally divided into two categories: pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions. The effectiveness of these measures remains unclear, because of insufficient study sample size and/or differences in study settings. This observational epidemiological study involved all elementary schoolchildren in Matsumoto City, Japan, with seasonal influenza during the 2014/2015 season. Questionnaires, including experiences with influenza diagnosis and socio-demographic factors, were distributed to all 29 public elementary schools, involving 13,217 children, at the end of February 2015. Data were obtained from 10,524 children and analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The result showed that vaccination (odds ratio 0.866, 95% confidence interval 0.786–0.954) and wearing masks (0.859, 0.778–0.949) had significant protective association. Hand washing (1.447, 1.274–1.644) and gargling (1.319, 1.183–1.471), however, were not associated with protection. In the natural setting, hand washing and gargling showed a negative association, which may have been due to inappropriate infection control measures or aggregating infected and non-infected children to conduct those measures. These results may indicate a pathway for influenza transmission and explain why seasonal influenza control remains difficult in school settings. The overall effectiveness of vaccination and mask wearing was 9.9% and 8.6%, respectively. After dividing children into higher (grades 4–6) and lower (grade 1–3) grade groups, the effectiveness of vaccination became greater in the lower grade group, and the effectiveness of wearing masks became greater in the higher grade group. These results may provide valuable information about designing infection control measures that allocate resources among children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of vaccination and wearing masks on seasonal influenza in Matsumoto City, Japan, in the 2014/2015 season: An observational study among all elementary schoolchildren

Uchida

Kaneko

Hidaka

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine Reports

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show abstract

“…Thus, many studies limited the recruitment of patients to those presenting soon after illness onset to reduce the likelihood of a false negative test result (reduced sensitivity). Swabs were taken from patients presenting within 29 days of symptom onset (n=3 [38, 63, 107]), 10 days (n=2 [108, 88]), 9 days (n=2 [18, 25]), 8 days (n=1 [89]), 7 days (n=29), 5 days (n=1 [109]) 4 days (n=10), 3 days (n=7 [27, 28, 40, 44, 46, 47, 72]). Twenty-six studies did not restrict or did not specify how they restricted patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in one study, the comparison group comprised patients who tested negative for influenza and positive for a non-influenza respiratory virus [67]. In addition, seven studies included sensitivity analyses comparing influenza-positive patients with non-influenza respiratory virus-positive patients as well as pan-negative patients [19, 26, 47, 60, 82, 84, 109]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Sullivan¹,

Feng²,

Cowling³

2014

Expert Review of Vaccines

159

146

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SUMMARY Background The test-negative design is a variant of the case control study being increasingly used to study influenza vaccine effectiveness. In these studies, patients with influenza-like illness are tested for influenza. Vaccine coverage is compared between those testing positive versus those testing negative to estimate vaccine effectiveness. Objectives We reviewed features in the design, analysis and reporting of 85 published test-negative studies. Data sources Studies were identified from PubMed, reference lists and email updates. Study eligibility All studies using the test-negative design reporting end-of-season estimates were included. Study appraisal Design features that may affect the validity and comparability of reported estimates were reviewed, including setting, study period, source population, case definition, exposure and outcome ascertainment and statistical model. Results There was considerable variation in the analytic approach, with 68 unique statistical models identified among the studies. Conclusion Harmonisation of analytic approaches may improve the potential for pooling vaccine effectiveness estimates.

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“…Despite the understanding gained from these studies, additional longitudinal epidemiological studies are required to assess the spread of influenza virus (10). As epidemics of seasonal influenza mainly spread throughout school systems, many studies have investigated routes of transmission and susceptibility factors among schoolchildren (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). However, as the majority of these studies were limited to study subjects visiting a medical center or schoolchildren at selected schools within a community, the results may not be representative of epidemics within specific communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Epidemiological Evaluation of Seasonal Influenza in All Elementary Schoolchildren in Matsumoto City, Japan, in 2014/2015

et al. 2017

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Effectiveness of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine among Children in Two Consecutive Seasons in a Community in Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Effectiveness of vaccination and wearing masks on seasonal influenza in Matsumoto City, Japan, in the 2014/2015 season: An observational study among all elementary schoolchildren

Effectiveness of vaccination and wearing masks on seasonal influenza in Matsumoto City, Japan, in the 2014/2015 season: An observational study among all elementary schoolchildren

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

Prospective Epidemiological Evaluation of Seasonal Influenza in All Elementary Schoolchildren in Matsumoto City, Japan, in 2014/2015

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