Effectiveness of three models for comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk reduction

Telehealth exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Telehealth exCR was compared against usual care in six studies,27 29–32 34 and centre-based exCR in five studies 22 25 26 28 33. Nine studies used a two-arm, parallel RCT design 22 25 27–33.…”

Telehealth interventions versus center-based cardiac rehabilitation of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Participants with myocardial infarction were enrolled in four trials, 6,9,11,20 myocardial infarction or revascularization in four trials, 8,10,12,13 coronary artery disease in one trial. 8 Three trials 8,12,14 enrolled patients with only low or moderate risk for future cardiac events (Table 1). Patients with heart failure, severe arrhythmias, ischemia and severe comorbidities were excluded.…”

“…Cardiac rehabilitation in the telehealth intervention group was delivered by telephone in seven trials, 6,[10][11][12][13][14]20 telephone and computerized participant management system by the telephone and the Internet in one trial, 8 recording-transmitting electrocardiography (ECG)-device by telephone and e-mail in one trial. 9 No trial evaluated videoconferencing.…”

“…All trials reported on all-cause mortality during the study, with no deaths in four trials. [8][9][10]20 The meta-analysis of eight trials reported no significant difference in all-cause mortality in the short term ( Figure 2). The remaining trial by Arthur et al 7 in 2002 did not report mortality after six months post randomization.…”

A review of guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes: Is there an international consensus?

“…[55][56][57]61,64,65 Improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid profile, 56,64 blood pressure 56,57,64 and body mass, 64,65 were also reported. In comparison, light-to moderate-intensity training interventions have led to little or no improvement in exercise capacity [66][67][68] and morbidity 69 compared to non-exercising controls.…”