Effectiveness of the dispersion of iron nanoparticles within micropores and mesopores of activated carbon for Rhodamine B removal in wastewater by the heterogeneous Fenton process

Abstract

Iron-based nanoparticles were formed in the pores of a micro-and mesoporous activated carbon made from banana spike by the impregnation of iron sulfate at various ratios and further pyrolysis, in order to prepare three catalysts AC@Fe/1, AC@ Fe/2, AC@Fe/3 having iron mass contents of 1.6%, 2.2% and 3.3%, respectively. The pore size distributions, transmission electron microscope observations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses have revealed that iron-based nanoparticles of 1-50 nm diameter, containing O and P, are located mainly in the supermicropores and mesopores of the activated carbon. Catalysts have been used to remove Rhodamine B in an aqueous solution by the heterogeneous Fenton process. AC@Fe/3 catalyst has allowed achieving 93% of solution discoloration compared to 87.4% for AC@Fe/2 and 78.5% for AC@Fe/1 after 180 min in batch reaction. The catalytic efficiency of AC@Fe/3 is attributed to the highest dispersion of the iron-based nanoparticles in the activated carbon porosity. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and initial dye concentration, pH, catalyst amount and temperature on the Rhodamine B removal kinetics catalyzed by AC@Fe/3 were studied. This catalyst showed remarkable performances of the Rhodamine B mineralization and possibility of recycling.

Utilization of Tires Waste-Derived Magnetic-Activated Carbon for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater

“…On this background appear several sharp reflection peaks at 2θ 26.7, 28.5, 29.7 31.8, 36, 39, 7.6, and 56.5°. These peaks may be assigned to quartz SiO 2 (main peak at 26°; OCD: 96-900-0776) [ 20 ], calcite (main peak at 29.7°; OCD: 96-101-0963), albite, NaAlSi 3 O 8 (25.2, 26, 28.5 and 29.7°; OCD: 96-900-3703) and sphalerite, ZnS (28.5, 36, 47.6 and 56.5°; OCD: 96-900-0108), which are assumed to be remains of the filler materials, or formed after pyrolysis [ 21 ]. The diffractogram of M-AC shows peaks at 2θ of 30, 35.5, 53.6, 57.6, and 62.8°, which indicate the crystalline patterns of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ; 96-900-2317) or maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ; OCD: 96-900-6317) [ 22 ], which indicates that both the magnetic oxides of iron, i.e., magnetite and maghemite, are impregnated on the surface of the AC.…”

“…The conversion of tire waste into carbonaceous materials is an excellent alternative to environmental pollution, as it is believed to have the ability to enhance the absorption of organic pollutants and improve the removal efficiency. Until now, a lot of studies concerning the dispersion of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into carbon porous matrices have been reported [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, the preparation and utilization of AC and magnetic AC (M-AC) from tire waste for Cr removal has rarely been reported in the literature [ 24 ].…”

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye with TiO2 immobilized on SiC foam using full factorial design

“…Two reactions were observed in the production of HO • 2 (E 0 = 1.7 V) which is less oxidizing than •OH (E 0 = 2.8 V) and not favorable for good removal of organic compounds Eq. 6, and a consumption of hydroxyl radicals (Qourzal et al 2007;Briton et al 2019) according to the following reactions in Eq. 7:…”

Textile with a hydrogel and iron oxide nanoparticles for wastewater treatment after reactive dyeing

“…11 The iron oxide nanoparticles have been extensively investigated because of their special structure, unique catalytic features, and number of active sites. 12 The modification of their surface with polymers has attracted substantial attention because of the potential to improve the catalytic performance of activated H 2 O 2 . 13 Various polymer materials and technologies have been applied in the development of catalytic systems for water purification.…”

“…The catalyst has long‐term stability and reusability because it can be easily recovered after the reaction 11 . The iron oxide nanoparticles have been extensively investigated because of their special structure, unique catalytic features, and number of active sites 12 . The modification of their surface with polymers has attracted substantial attention because of the potential to improve the catalytic performance of activated H 2 O 2 13 .…”