“…The responses of the various bystanders are central in influencing the frequency of bullying (Padgett & Notar, 2013; Salmivalli, 2010; Salmivalli et al, 2011; Wiesenthal, 2021) and are informed by several factors (Bauman et al, 2020), including the contextual, social, moral‐psychological, and motivational characteristics of the individuals involved. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is an essential theory for understanding the social and personal nature of involvement in bullying and has been used previously as a theoretical framework in the study of student bystander behaviors (Allison & Bussey, 2017; DeSmet et al, 2014); further, SCT interventions also have an empirical base (Jurecska et al, 2011). According to this theory, students who bully others exhibit a complex array of psychological, cognitive, and social characteristics.…”