Effectiveness of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in the First Decade of Life

Adamkiewicz, Thomas V.; Silk, Benjamin J.; Howgate, James; Baughman, Wendy; Strayhorn, Gregory; Sullivan, Kevin M.; Farley, Monica M.

doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0018

Cited by 149 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that early detection and appropriate prophylactic measures help to prevent potentially fatal complications and many countries, including several Western and Central European nations have already introduced NBS programs for SCD or conducted regional pilot studies (see Table 2). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] To date, there is no comprehensive epidemiological data on SCD in Germany, although in major cities with large immigrant populations, the number of cases is considerable. 'Semi-epidemiological' information is available from the Ulm longitudinal study published in 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of sickle cell disease in an unselected cohort of neonates born in Berlin, Germany

Lobitz

Frömmel²,

Brose³

et al. 2014

Eur J Hum Genet

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of sickle cell disease in an unselected cohort of neonates born in Berlin, Germany

Lobitz

Frömmel²,

Brose³

et al. 2014

Eur J Hum Genet

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“…Immunizations against encapsulated bacteria and penicillin prophylaxis are mainstays in the prevention of serious infection in SCD. [4][5][6] Despite this need for immunizations and the known susceptibility of patients with SCD to infections, remarkably little evidence exists about the effects of hydroxyurea on immune function in people with SCD. Lowering of white blood cell and granulocyte counts by hydroxyurea in adults 7,8 and children 2,9,10 with SCD has been documented, but no studies have reported specific effects on lymphocyte number or immunologic function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic Effects of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia

Lederman¹,

Connolly

Kalpatthi

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Susceptibility to encapsulated bacteria is well known in sickle cell disease (SCD). Hydroxyurea use is common in adults and children with SCD, but little is known about hydroxyurea’s effects on immune function in SCD. Because hydroxyurea inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, causing cell cycle arrest at the G1–S interface, we postulated that hydroxyurea might delay transition from naive to memory T cells, with inhibition of immunologic maturation and vaccine responses. METHODS: T-cell subsets, naive and memory T cells, and antibody responses to pneumococcal and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines were measured among participants in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of hydroxyurea in infants and young children with SCD (BABY HUG). RESULTS: Compared with placebo, hydroxyurea treatment resulted in significantly lower total lymphocyte, CD4, and memory T-cell counts; however, these numbers were still within the range of historical healthy controls. Antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination were not affected, but a delay in achieving protective measles antibody levels occurred in the hydroxyurea group. Antibody levels to measles, mumps, and rubella showed no differences between groups at exit, indicating that effective immunization can be achieved despite hydroxyurea use. CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxyurea does not appear to have significant deleterious effects on the immune function of infants and children with SCD. Additional assessments of lymphocyte parameters of hydroxyurea-treated children may be warranted. No changes in current immunization schedules are recommended; however, for endemic disease or epidemics, adherence to accelerated immunization schedules for the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine should be reinforced.

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“…Without linkage capabilities, it can be challenging to conduct large population-based VE studies. Reference population data used in U.S. studies included National Immunization Survey data [8], or census data from the State of California [6]. These data sources can be limited by low participation rates and selection bias, and may not provide individual-level information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies were retrospective if authors assessed or evaluated a vaccine program following its implementation [6,[36][37][38][39][40]. One paper prospectively monitored the impact of a vaccine intervention at the beginning of program implementation [8].…”

Section: Use Of Registry Data In Ve Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of study expresses VE as a rate difference by calculating an odds ratio (OR) for developing infection despite vaccination; (2) an indirect cohort study examines individual protective responses by comparing vaccine-serotype infection rates with nonserotype-infection rates within a diseased population [5]; (3) case-coverage studies compare vaccination rates among cases with those of a similar cohort over a defined period of time, or (4) observational studies examine the change in disease burden and impact of a vaccine within a population over time [3]. Observational studies are often designed to measure the impact of a vaccine program by studying the effect of disease incidence in a population before and after program implementation [6], and to determine the relative risk of disease among the vaccinated groups compared to the unvaccinated [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of immunization registry-based data in vaccine effectiveness studies

Placzek¹,

Madoff²

2011

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tVaccine effectiveness (VE) studies provide a measure of population-based vaccine performance by combining immunization history data with rates of disease incidence. This review assessed the feasibility of using electronic immunization registry data sources in VE studies. Electronic databases were searched through January 31, 2010. Out of 17 studies, only one paper assessed data accuracy (71%), and three papers assessed population coverage of the registry (estimates ranged from 25% to 90%). This review shows that registry-based data sources can be used to conduct VE studies in a variety of settings and populations. However, we found little information regarding the quality of this data source in VE studies and future evaluations should investigate their reliability, accuracy, and potential bias.

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Effectiveness of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in the First Decade of Life

Cited by 149 publications

References 30 publications

Incidence of sickle cell disease in an unselected cohort of neonates born in Berlin, Germany

Incidence of sickle cell disease in an unselected cohort of neonates born in Berlin, Germany

Immunologic Effects of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia

The use of immunization registry-based data in vaccine effectiveness studies

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