Effectiveness of the 2010/11 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in Spain: preliminary results of a case–control study

Savulescu, Camelia; Jiménez-Jorge, Silvia; Mateo, Salvador de; Ledesma, Juan; Pozo, Francisco; Casas, Inmaculada; Larrauri, Amparo; Team, cycEVA Study

doi:10.2807/ese.16.11.19820-en

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Also we have seen that having received both the pandemic and the current vaccine, protected against A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in 2010–2011, an effect also described in previous studies [14;26;27]. Within each studied season, we did not find any interference between the previous season’s vaccine and the current vaccine’s performance, findings also confirmed by the pooled analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecent studies suggest that the protective effect of the current influenza vaccine could be influenced by vaccination in previous seasons. We estimated the combined effect of the previous and current influenza vaccines from the 2010–2011 season to the 2015–2016 season in Spain.MethodsWe performed a test-negative case-control study in patients ≥9 years old. We estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B virus.ResultsWe included 1206 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 1358 A(H3N2) cases and 1079 B cases. IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the pooled-season analysis was 53% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21% to 72%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 50% (95%CI: 23% to 68%) for those vaccinated in the both current and previous seasons. Against the influenza A(H3N2) virus, IVE was 17% (95%CI: -43% to 52%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 3% (95%CI: -33% to 28%) for those vaccinated in both seasons. Regarding influenza B, we obtained similar IVEs for those vaccinated only in the current and those vaccinated in both seasons: 57% (95%CI: 12% to 79%) and 56% (95%CI: 36% to 70%), respectively.ConclusionOur results suggested no interference between the previous and current influenza vaccines against A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, but a possible negative interference against A(H3N2) virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

et al. 2017

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“…A study by Kissling et al reported adjusted VE for eight EU states to be 52% overall and 41% for the 15 to 59 year age group [15]. Similar estimates were also reported by Steens et al for the Netherlands (46%) and by Savulescu et al for Spain (50%), both of which used a test-negative control comparison group [13], [14]. Contrary to our findings of no VE for the A/H1 subtype, Kissling et al reported a VE of 27% for A/H1 among 15 to 59 year olds, however, this did not reach statistical significance [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines against Influenza-Associated Illnesses among US Military Personnel in 2010–11: A Case-Control Approach

et al. 2012

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IntroductionFollowing the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) pandemic, both seasonal and pH1N1 viruses circulated in the US during the 2010–2011 influenza season; influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) may vary between live attenuated (LAIV) and trivalent inactivated (TIV) vaccines as well as by virus subtype.Materials and MethodsVaccine type and virus subtype-specific VE were determined for US military active component personnel for the period of September 1, 2010 through April 30, 2011. Laboratory-confirmed influenza-related medical encounters were compared to matched individuals with a non-respiratory illness (healthy controls), and unmatched individuals who experienced a non-influenza respiratory illness (test-negative controls). Odds ratios (OR) and VE estimates were calculated overall, by vaccine type and influenza subtype.ResultsA total of 603 influenza cases were identified. Overall VE was relatively low and similar regardless of whether healthy controls (VE = 26%, 95% CI: −1 to 45) or test-negative controls (VE = 29%, 95% CI: −6 to 53) were used as comparison groups. Using test-negative controls, vaccine type-specific VE was found to be higher for TIV (53%, 95% CI: 25 to 71) than for LAIV (VE = −13%, 95% CI: −77 to 27). Influenza subtype-specific analyses revealed moderate protection against A/H3 (VE = 58%, 95% CI: 21 to 78), but not against A/H1 (VE = −38%, 95% CI: −211 to 39) or B (VE = 34%, 95% CI: −122 to 80).ConclusionOverall, a low level of protection against clinically-apparent, laboratory-confirmed, influenza was found for the 2010–11 seasonal influenza vaccines. TIV immunization was associated with higher protection than LAIV, however, no protection against A/H1 was noted, despite inclusion of a pandemic influenza strain as a vaccine component for two consecutive years. Vaccine virus mismatch or lower immunogenicity may have contributed to these findings and deserve further examination in controlled studies. Continued assessment of VE in military personnel is essential in order to better inform vaccination policy decisions.

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“…With the growing evidence on the questionable efficacy of influenza vaccines (86-89) and despite the lack of reliable sero-epidemiological studies, the pattern of laboratory-confirmed AH1N1 2009 mortality indicated that Western hemisphere countries achieved a higher degree of acquired active, infectious immunity than other world regions (Table 4, Figure 3). Also, the expected epidemiological effect of vaccine immunity was not achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is supported by the fact that people older than 55 years had lower morbidity in all parts of the world (7-67), indicating that they had been actively immunized with the infectious virus AH1N1 2009 during their life. No less important is the fact that infectious immunity provides a high degree of crossed immunity to other influenza viruses (90), while vaccine immunity lasts no longer than a year, is highly type-specific, and the possibility of crossed immunity is minimal (88,89,91). We believe that these findings clearly demonstrate that, from an epidemiological point of view, the vaccination for influenza during its outbreak should be reserved for health-risk groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting AH1N1 2009 influenza epidemic in Southeast Europe

Smoljanović

Smoljanović²,

Mlikotić³

2011

Croat Med J

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AimTo use the data on the AH1N1 2009 influenza epidemic in the Southern hemisphere countries to predict the course and size of the upcoming influenza epidemic in South-Eastern Europe (SEE) countries and other regions of the World with temperate climate.MethodWe used a comparative epidemiological method to evaluate accessible electronic data on laboratory-confirmed deaths from AH1N1 2009 influenza in the seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The studied SEE countries were Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia, while Southern hemisphere countries were Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Paraguay, Uruguay, and South Africa.ResultsIn influenza season 2009/2010, Southern hemisphere countries with temperate climate reported 1187 laboratory-confirmed influenza AH1N1 2009 deaths (mortality rate 0.84/100 000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-1.24). SEE countries with similar climatic conditions reported 659 deaths and similar mortality rates (0.86/100 000, 95% CI, 0.83-1.10). In the whole Europe without the Commonwealth of Independent States countries (CIS, former Soviet Union), there were 3213 deaths (0.60/100 000; 95% CI, 0.65-0.93). In 2010/2011, Southern hemisphere countries reported 94 laboratory-confirmed deaths (mortality rate 0.07/100 000; 95% CI, 0.02-0.28) or only 7.9% of the previous season. SEE countries by the end of the 11th epidemiological week of 2010/2011 season reported 489 laboratory-confirmed deaths, with a mortality rate of 0.64/100 000 (95% CI, 0.26-0.96) or 74.2% of the previous season, which was significantly higher than in the Southern hemisphere countries (χ21 = 609.1, P < 0.001). In Europe without CIS countries, there were 1836 deaths, with a mortality rate of 0.34/100 000 (χ2 = 153.3, P < 0.001 vs SEE countries).ConclusionIn the 2009/2010 season, SEE countries and Southern hemisphere countries had similar influenza AH1N1 2009 mortality rates. In the 2010/2011 season, the forecast of 10% increase in total mortality in SEE countries and Europe compared with the 2009/2010 season was significantly exceeded, while the expected impact of type-specific vaccines against influenza AH1N1 2009 was not achieved. Consumption of epidemic potential has greater importance for the prognosis of the course and size of influenza epidemic than the degree of vaccine immunity.

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Effectiveness of the 2010/11 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in Spain: preliminary results of a case–control study

Abstract: Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines against Influenza-Associated Illnesses among US Military Personnel in 2010–11: A Case-Control Approach

Predicting AH1N1 2009 influenza epidemic in Southeast Europe

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