Effectiveness of spiramycin in murine models of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis

Grujić, Jelica; Djurković–Djaković, Olgica; Nikolić, Aleksandra; Klun, Ivana; Bobić, Branko

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.09.015

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results while in contrast to some reports in patients are in line with the poor antiparasitic activity of spiramycin and other macrolides in experimental studies [29][30][31][32], and confirm results of other studies that did not find an impact of antiparasitic treatment on avidity maturation [11,13]. The activity of azithromycin on cerebral toxoplasmosis is limited by its poor brain penetration [30]; in murine models of chronic infection, only long-term administration of spiramycin or azithromycin resulted in a significant reduction of brain cysts burdens [29,33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Antiparasitic treatment suppresses production and avidity ofToxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in a murine model of acute infection

Alvarado‐Esquivel¹,

Niewiadomski²,

Schweickert³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy may result in congenital transmission of the parasite. Infection is commonly diagnosed using serological tests for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. Avidity of IgG antibodies is used to exclude acute infection. Few studies have investigated the impact of antiparasitic treatment on the production of anti-T. gondii antibody and the avidity of IgG antibodies. We therefore investigated the production of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies and IgG avidity in a murine model of acute infection with 10 cysts of T. gondii. All antibody classes increased following infection. Treatment of mice with py rime thamine/ sulfadiazine but not with spiramycin or azithromycin at dosages equivalent to those used in patients resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of T. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies postinfection. IgG and IgM antibody decreases were paralleled by a significant reduction in cyst numbers in brains of mice treated with pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine but not with other drugs. In contrast, treatment with atovaquone did significantly reduce the concentrations of IgM antibodies and resulted in reduced IgG avidity indices. T. gondii-specific DNA was not detected in blood between days 1 and 3. In conclusion, antiparasitic treatment with pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine and atovaquone appears to impact the generation of antibody responses against T. gondii. Future studies will have to determine the specific impact of antiparasitic treatment on antibody responses and the consequences for the management of patients infected with T. gondii.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Antiparasitic treatment suppresses production and avidity ofToxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in a murine model of acute infection

Alvarado‐Esquivel¹,

Niewiadomski²,

Schweickert³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Then, 25 l of brain homogenate was spread onto a glass slide (four slides per brain sample), air dried, fixed with absolute ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Malaysia) for 15 min, further air dried, stained with 10% of Azur-Eosin Giemsa stain (Merck, Germany) for 1 h, washed with water, and dried at 60°C, and coverslips fixed with xylene mounting solution (Merck). Finally, the cysts were counted under a microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i), and the numbers of cysts in each brain were calculated (15).…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Reduction of Brain Cysts Caused by Toxoplasma gondii after Treatment with Spiramycin Coadministered with Metronidazole in a Mouse Model of Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Chew

Segarra

Ambu

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that generates latent cysts in the brain; reactivation of these cysts may lead to fatal toxoplasmic encephalitis, for which treatment remains unsuccessful. We assessed spiramycin pharmacokinetics coadministered with metronidazole, the eradication of brain cysts and the in vitro reactivation. Male BALB/c mice were fed 1,000 tachyzoites orally to develop chronic toxoplasmosis. Four weeks later, infected mice underwent different treatments: (i) infected untreated mice (n ‫؍‬ 9), which received vehicle only; (ii) a spiramycin-only group (n ‫؍‬ 9), 400 mg/kg daily for 7 days; (iii) a metronidazole-only group (n ‫؍‬ 9), 500 mg/kg daily for 7 days; and (iv) a combination group (n ‫؍‬ 9), which received both spiramycin (400 mg/kg) and metronidazole (500 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. An uninfected control group (n ‫؍‬ 10) was administered vehicle only. After treatment, the brain cysts were counted, brain homogenates were cultured in confluent Vero cells, and cysts and tachyzoites were counted after 1 week. Separately, pharmacokinetic profiles (plasma and brain) were assessed after a single dose of spiramycin (400

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“…Bulgularımıza benzer şekilde; atovakuonun in vitro hücre kültüründe, T.gondii trofozoitlerine karşı etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir i 6,10 . Yapılan çalışmalarda, akut toksoplazmoz koriyoretiniti oluşturulan hamsterlerde, atovakuon ile primer tedavi olan primetamin-sülfadiazin kombinasyonu, klindamisin ve spiramisinin etkinliği karşılaştırılmış ve akut serebral toksoplazmoz sonrasında kist sayısının azalmasında sadece atovakuonun etkili olduğu bildirilmiştir 20,21 . Reaktivasyonlara neden olan .…”

Section: Mi̇krobi̇yoloji̇ Bülteni̇unclassified

Effects of Atovaquone and Astragalus Combination on the Treatment and IL-2, IL-12, IFN-g Levels on Mouse Models of Acute Toxoplasmosis

Sönmez

Boral²,

Kaşalı³

et al. 2014

Mikrobiyol Bul

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Effectiveness of spiramycin in murine models of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Antiparasitic treatment suppresses production and avidity ofToxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in a murine model of acute infection

Antiparasitic treatment suppresses production and avidity ofToxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in a murine model of acute infection

Significant Reduction of Brain Cysts Caused by Toxoplasma gondii after Treatment with Spiramycin Coadministered with Metronidazole in a Mouse Model of Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Effects of Atovaquone and Astragalus Combination on the Treatment and IL-2, IL-12, IFN-g Levels on Mouse Models of Acute Toxoplasmosis

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