Effectiveness of protected areas in conserving tropical forest birds

Cazalis, Victor; Princé, Karine; Mihoub, Jean‐Baptiste; Kelly, Joseph; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Rodrigues, Ana S. L.

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18230-0

Cited by 108 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our results reiterate that the number of species living inside versus outside protected areas is a poor indicator of management effectiveness because the identity and composition of species they host can be markedly different while species richness remains similar [ 37 , 38 ]. This contrasts with some studies showing that species richness is 10.6% higher inside protected areas compared to the outside [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels

et al. 2021

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Protected areas are the flagship management tools to secure biodiversity from anthropogenic impacts. However, the extent to which adjacent areas with distinct protection levels host different species numbers and compositions remains uncertain. Here, using reef fishes, European alpine plants, and North American birds, we show that the composition of species in adjacent Strictly Protected, Restricted, and Non-Protected areas is highly dissimilar, whereas the number of species is similar, after controlling for environmental conditions, sample size, and rarity. We find that between 12% and 15% of species are only recorded in Non-Protected areas, suggesting that a non-negligible part of regional biodiversity occurs where human activities are less regulated. For imperiled species, the proportion only recorded in Strictly Protected areas reaches 58% for fishes, 11% for birds, and 7% for plants, highlighting the fundamental and unique role of protected areas and their environmental conditions in biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, we calculated an individual observer calibration index, which we included as control variable in all subsequent analyses of eBird data. This index (closely related to the one calculated in Cazalis et al, (2020), following Kelling et al, (2015) and Johnston et al, (2018)), uses a mixed model with random effect of observer to estimate the log-scaled number of species each observer is expected to report in an average sampling event (see details in Supplementary Methods 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These maps are an updated and more complete version of the index derived by Venter et al (2016b), generated from the combination of eight human pressure variables (built environments, population density, night-time lights, crop lands, pasture lands, accessibility via roads, railways and navigable waterways) and ranging from 0 (perfect intactness) to 50 (extremely high pressure). Human footprint data have previously been used to analyse species’ responses to human pressures (Di Marco et al, 2018; Barnagaud et al, 2019; Cazalis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We filtered the dataset following guidelines provided by the eBird team (Sullivan et al, 2009;Strimas-Mackey et al, 2020;Johnston et al, In press), similarly to the data filtering process described in Cazalis et al, (2020). We restricted our dataset to recent (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019) observations, to increase synchronisation between bird records and landscape data.…”

Section: Building a Standard Abundance Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mismatch between bird species sensitivity and the protection of intact habitats across the Americas

Cazalis

Barnes

Johnston

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Protected areas, the most prevalent international policy mechanism for biodiversity conservation, are highly heterogeneous in their effectiveness at buffering ecosystems and species' habitats from human pressure. Protected areas with intense human pressure cannot protect species that are highly sensitive to human activities. Here, we use 60 million bird observations from the eBird citizen science platform to estimate the sensitivity to human pressure of each bird species breeding in the Americas (Nearctic and Neotropical regions). We find that high-sensitivity species, while found in all ecoregions, are concentrated in the tropical biomes. Ecoregions with large proportions of high-sensitivity species do not have more intact protected habitat, resulting in a low coverage of intact protected habitat for many high-sensitivity species. What is more, 139 high-sensitivity species have little or no intact protected habitat within their distributions while being threatened with extinction. Finally, we show that protected area intactness is decreasing faster in ecoregions with many high-sensitivity species. Our results highlight a major mismatch between species conservation needs and the coverage of intact protected habitats, and will likely hamper the long-term effectiveness of protected areas at retaining species. We highlight ecoregions where the protection and management of intact habitats, complemented by the restoration of degraded ones, is urgently needed to avoid extinctions.

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“…Protected areas are core elements of global efforts to conserve biodiversity, ecosystem services, and associated cultural values (Masourian et al 2008;Scherl and Emerton 2008;Gray et al 2016;Cazalis et al 2020). They are a cornerstone of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (especially Target 11) and have a vital role in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vital role of rangers in conservation

Singh¹,

Galliers²,

Appleton³

et al. 2021

Parks Stewardship Forum

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Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. The majority of the protected and conserved areas (PCAs) that are the core elements of protecting the world's biodiversity, and the ecosystem services it provides, are not under sound management. Adequate numbers of competent, well-resourced, and well-led rangers are the foundation for effective management of these PCAs. However, the majority of rangers are unrecognized, under-appreciated, and under-resourced. Rangers operate under poor and dangerous working environments with inadequate employment conditions. The International Ranger Federation (IRF), as a global representative body of rangers, has been working to connect and recognize rangers through several initiatives, including the triennial World Ranger Congress (WRC). The Chitwan Declaration of the 9th WRC, held in Nepal in 2019, strongly encourages those who manage PCAs that employ rangers to identify shortcomings, and thereafter introduce measures to improve outcomes. The Universal Ranger Support Alliance (URSA) is an alliance of seven conservation organizations to support IRF with the implementation of the Chitwan Declaration. URSA has developed a global five-year action plan to accomplish lasting transformation to create a professional, responsible, and accountable ranger workforce that is properly valued, led, and supported. URSA itself and the action plan provide a global platform for individual conservation professionals, rangers, conservation organizations, and ranger employers to work together in supporting rangers-the first responders responsible for maintaining the health of the planet.

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Effectiveness of protected areas in conserving tropical forest birds

Cited by 108 publications

References 47 publications

Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels

Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels

Mismatch between bird species sensitivity and the protection of intact habitats across the Americas

The vital role of rangers in conservation

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