Effectiveness of pharmacist counseling combined with nicotine replacement therapy: a pragmatic randomized trial with 6,987 smokers

Costello, Mary Jean; Sproule, Beth; Victor, J. Charles; Leatherdale, Scott T.; Zawertailo, Laurie; Selby, Peter

doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9672-9

Cited by 49 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Twenty-four studies were included in this review (29 papers). There were two alcohol interventions, 46,48 12 smoking cessation interventions, 44,45,[49][50][51][52][53][55][56][57][58][59][60]63 five weight-loss interventions 39,[64][65][66][67] and five multicomponent interventions that included pharmacotherapy and lifestyle changes in participants with comorbidities including dyslipidaemia (n = 1 study), 71 hypertension 72 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 3 studies). [68][69][70] Four studies had multiple publications, one smoking cessation study had an English 63 and a Danish 73 publication; another smoking cessation study 49 had two additional publications including a paper on cost-effectiveness 51 and a paper on shorter-term follow-up.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…74 We extracted data from all these additional publications with the exception of the Danish 73 and the Spanish publication. 74 Three smoking cessation interventions 52,55,60 appeared to be targeted at pharmacy staff as well as clients; the remaining 21 studies were targeted at pharmacy clients alone. There were 19 RCTs, [44][45][46]48,52,53,55,[57][58][59][60]63,64,[66][67][68][70][71][72] three nRCTs 39,56,69 and two CBAs.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were 19 RCTs, [44][45][46]48,52,53,55,[57][58][59][60]63,64,[66][67][68][70][71][72] three nRCTs 39,56,69 and two CBAs. [49][50][51]65 There were 22 published journal articles 39,[44][45][46][49][50][51][52][53][55][56][57][58][59][60]63,64 and two reports. 48,65 Nine studies were conducted in the UK, 46,[48][49][50][51]56,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[49][50][51]65 There were 22 published journal articles 39,[44][45][46][49][50][51][52][53][55][56][57][58][59][60]63,64 and two reports. 48,65 Nine studies were conducted in the UK, 46,[48][49][50][51]56,65,66,68 four in the USA, 39,44,52,64 two each in Australia, 45,53 South America 69,71 and Spain, 69,70 and one each in Canada, 55 Denmark, 63 Japan, 59 Thailand 67 and the Netherlands.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Half (6/12) of the smoking cessation interventions relied on self-reported change in smoking behaviours 45,55,57,59,60,63 and half used biochemical measures 44,[49][50][51][52][53]56,58 [carbon monoxide (CO) or cotinine levels] to validate change in smoking behaviours. All five of the weight loss interventions 39,[64][65][66][67] and all five multicomponent interventions [67][68][69][70][71][72] (pharmacotherapy plus lifestyle changes) measured weight.…”

Section: 67mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe Department of Health has identified interventions to manage alcohol misuse, smoking and overweight, delivered by community pharmacists, as public health priorities.ObjectivesTo systematically review the effectiveness of community pharmacy interventions to manage alcohol misuse, smoking cessation and weight loss; to explore if and how age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status moderate effectiveness; and to describe how the interventions have been organised, implemented and delivered.Data sourcesTen electronic databases were searched: Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; EMBASE; International Bibliography of the Social Sciences; MEDLINE; NHS Economic Evaluation Database; PsycINFO; Social Science Citation Index; Scopus; and the Sociological Abstracts from inception to May 2014. There was no restriction on language or country. Supplementary searches included website, grey literature, study registers, bibliographies and contacting experts.Review methodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Any type of intervention of any duration based in any country and in people of any age was included. The review included interventions set in a community pharmacy and delivered by the pharmacist or the wider pharmacy team. Randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series studies were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently for each study by two reviewers. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were also conducted.ResultsThe searches identified over 14,000 records, of which 24 studies were included. There were two alcohol, 12 smoking cessation, five weight loss and five multicomponent interventions that included pharmacotherapy and lifestyle changes in participants with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia or hypertension. Nine of the studies were UK based; seven of the studies were rated ‘strong’ for quality. All studies were of adults. Pharmacy-based smoking cessation interventions including behavioural support and/or nicotine replacement therapy are effective and cost-effective in helping adults to stop smoking, particularly when compared with usual care. The pooled odds ratio of the intervention effects for smoking cessation was 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.75). It is currently unknown which specific types of smoking cessation interventions are the most effective. There was insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of community pharmacy-based brief alcohol interventions. Evidence suggests that pharmacy-based weight-loss interventions are as effective as similar interventions in other primary care settings, but not as effective or cost-effective as commercially provided weight management services based in community settings. None of the five multicomponent studies demonstrated an improvement compared with control for anthropometric outcomes in participants with comorbidities, but they did show improvement in measures associated with the comorbidities. Very few studies explored if and how sociodemographic or socioeconomic variables moderated the effect of interventions. In two studies based in areas of high deprivation, where participants chose the intervention, the sociodemographic characteristics of participants differed between intervention settings. There were also differences in recruitment, attendance and retention of participants by type of setting. The evidence suggests that a distinct group of people might access pharmacies compared with other settings for alcohol management, smoking cessation and weight loss. There is insufficient evidence to examine the relationship between behaviour change strategies and effectiveness; or evidence of consistent implementation factors or training components that underpin effective interventions.LimitationsThe information reported in the publications of included studies did not allow us to assess in detail if and how age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status moderate effectiveness, or to describe how the interventions had been organised, implemented and delivered.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacy interventions are effective for smoking cessation. Evaluations of interventions to manage alcohol misuse and obesity, set within the community pharmacy, are needed. The effect of community pharmacy interventions on health inequalities is unclear. Future research in this area is warranted, and trials should include the assessment of age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and contextual factors, and present analysis of how these factors moderate effectiveness.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013005943.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 67mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions

et al. 2016

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Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation

Stead¹,

Lancaster

2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

371

151

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BackgroundGroup therapy offers individuals the opportunity to learn behavioural techniques for smoking cessation, and to provide each other with mutual support. ObjectivesTo determine the effect of group-delivered behavioural interventions in achieving long-term smoking cessation. Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register, using the terms 'behavior therapy', 'cognitive therapy', 'psychotherapy' or 'group therapy', in May 2016. Selection criteriaRandomized trials that compared group therapy with self-help, individual counselling, another intervention or no intervention (including usual care or a waiting-list control). We also considered trials that compared more than one group programme. We included those trials with a minimum of two group meetings, and follow-up of smoking status at least six months after the start of the programme. We excluded trials in which group therapy was provided to both active therapy and placebo arms of trials of pharmacotherapies, unless they had a factorial design. Data collection and analysisTwo review authors extracted data in duplicate on the participants, the interventions provided to the groups and the controls, including programme length, intensity and main components, the outcome measures, method of randomization, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in participants smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically-validated rates where available. We analysed participants lost to follow-up as continuing smokers. We expressed effects as a risk ratio for cessation. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed-effect (Mantel-Haenszel) model. We assessed the quality of evidence within each study and comparison, using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool and GRADE criteria.

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Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation

Carson‐Chahhoud

Livingstone‐Banks

Sharrad

et al. 2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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We found evidence that more intensive structured care given by community pharmacy sta probably helps more people to quit smoking than less intensive support to quit. Quality of the evidence We found low-quality evidence that community pharmacy support helps people to quit smoking. Limitations of the evidence came from potential problems with the ways some of the studies were carried out and the low numbers of people who quit smoking across the included studies, which means we are not sure how effective these programmes really are.

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Effectiveness of pharmacist counseling combined with nicotine replacement therapy: a pragmatic randomized trial with 6,987 smokers

Abstract: Cessation outcomes are higher among participants completing three intervention sessions compared to one session; however, many do not return for follow-up sessions.

Cited by 49 publications

References 36 publications

Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions

Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions

Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation

Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation

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