Effectiveness of Payment for Reduced Carbon Monoxide Levels and Noncontingent Payments on Smoking Behaviors in Cocaine-Abusing Outpatients Wearing Nicotine or Placebo Patches.

Abstract

In a 2-week intervention to reduce cigarette smoking among outpatients in treatment for cocaine addiction, 20 subjects were randomly assigned to a contingent group, receiving monetary vouchers for breath samples with carbon monoxide (CO) levels of 8 ppm or less, or to a noncontingent group, receiving vouchers regardless of CO level. Subjects wore either nicotine or placebo patches in a randomized crossover design. Contingent subjects had significantly lower CO levels and met the 8 ppm target significantly more often than did noncontingent subjects; however, number of cigarettes reported smoked did not differ between groups. Use of nicotine patches resulted in CO levels significantly lower than did use of placebo patches, but levels still exceeded 8 ppm regardless of type of patch. Because contingent reward helped cocaine-dependent smokers achieve nonsmoking CO targets, behavioral antismoking interventions merit continued study in similar populations.

Delay discounting predicts cigarette smoking in a laboratory model of abstinence reinforcement

“…For example, Higgins et al (2004) found that voucher-based abstinence reinforcement produced higher rates of abstinence in pregnant women relative to a control group that received vouchers regardless of smoking status. Second, adding a patch to abstinence reinforcement has not produced greater decreases in smoking relative to abstinence reinforcement alone (Tidey et al 2002;Wiseman et al 2005).…”

Contingent Vouchers and Motivational Interviewing for Cigarette Smokers in Residential Substance Abuse Treatment

“…In general, CV significantly increased smoking abstinence while the incentives were in place, but not for long after incentives were terminated (Alessi & Petry, 2014; Alessi, Petry & Urso, 2008; Dunn et al, 2008, 2010; Hunt et al, 2010; Robles et al, 2005; Shoptaw et al, 1996, 2002; Wiseman et al, 2005). Very few of these studies included behavioral counseling: these included brief smoking skills training (Robles et al, 2005), brief behavioral support (Alessi & Petry, 2014), and relapse prevention training (Shoptaw et al, 2002).…”

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Prescription Drugs: The Relationship With Illicit Drugs in the Treatment of Substance Users

“…In general, successful smoking cessation appears to have a positive impact on longterm abstinence (Prochaska, 2010). Behavioral antismoking interventions have shown promise among cocaine dependent outpatients (Wiseman, Williams, & McMillan, 2005). A limited number of studies have also explored the impact of tobacco cessation interventions among individuals maintained on methadone (e.g., Shoptaw et al, 2002;Stein et al, 2006).…”