Effectiveness of patient safety training in equipping medical students to recognise safety hazards and propose robust interventions

Abstract

Policymakers are searching for ways to control health care costs and improve quality. Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) are by far the most important cost control and quality improvement tool that governments and private payers have implemented. This article reviews why DRGs have had this singular success both in the hospital sector and, over the past 10 years, in ambulatory and managed care settings. Last, the author reviews current trends in the development and implementation of tools that have the key ingredients of DRG success: categorical clinical model, separation of the clinical model from payment weights, separate payment adjustments for nonclinical factors, and outlier payments. Virtually all current tools used to manage health care costs and improve quality do not have these characteristics. This failure explains a key reason for the failure, for example, of the Medicare Advantage program to control health care costs. This article concludes with a discussion of future developments for DRG-type models outside the hospital sector.

Non-technical skills training to enhance patient safety: a systematic review

“…These 31 papers were independently reviewed and 11 studies 22–32 were excluded as not relevant, with no disagreement between the authors. This left 20 papers 33–52 that met the inclusion criteria. Four potentially relevant papers were obtained by hand‐searching of references and three of these were included, 53–55 giving a total of 23 included articles.…”

“…35,39,43,51,52 Six studies 33,34,41,44,48,49 were given scores of 3 on the BEME scale, indicating that their conclusions were most likely based on results. The remaining nine studies achieved scores of 4 for the strength of their conclusions, 37,38,40,46,47,50,[53][54][55] which suggests the conclusions are clear and very likely to be true.…”

Los estudiantes de medicina como parte del equipo de salud

“…Se ha señalado la imperiosa necesidad de incorporar competencias para el trabajo en equipo como una de los objetivos fundamentales de la educación médica futura [17][18][19] . Los campos clínicos, variables en su tamaño y complejidad, reciben estudiantes de distintas carreras y pueden constituir una excelente oportunidad para este aprendizaje.…”

Students’ perceptions of patient safety during the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate training: an activity theory analysis

“…Learning about patient safety mostly occurs when trainees are confronted with actual patient safety problems at the clinical workplace (Hall et al 2010; Walton 2007). Most medical curricula are arranged in such a way that students become progressively more independent, the importance of which is underlined by Kennedy et al (2005).…”