Effectiveness of music therapy for alleviating pain during haemodialysis access cannulation for patients undergoing haemodialysis: a multi-facility, single-blind, randomised controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundRepeated pain during haemodialysis access cannulations is a serious problem for haemodialysis patients even when prescribed oral or topical analgesics. Although some studies have observed the efficacy of music therapy for improving pain and anxiety, its effectiveness during haemodialysis access cannulations during dialysis is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music therapy for pain when cannulating haemodialysis access for haemodialysis patients.MethodsA prospective, multi-facility, single-blind, crossover, randomised controlled trial will be implemented. The intervention includes listening to Mozart, along with a white noise control condition. One hundred twenty haemodialysis patients will be enrolled across five facilities. Patients will be randomly allocated to either an Early-sequence group or a Later-sequence group. The Early-sequence group will receive cannulation while listening to Mozart’s Sonata for two pianos in D major (K.448) during the second week (Music period) and white noise during the fourth week (White noise period). The Later-sequence group will receive cannulation along with white noise first, followed by Mozart. All patients will also undergo cannulation during a no-sound period (wearing only headphones) during the first and third week (No-sound period). The music or no-music protocol will begin 8 min prior to the cannulating procedure, and participants will finish listening after starting haemodialysis during each period. The primary outcomes that will be assessed include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for pain during cannulation, and secondary outcomes are blood pressure, heart rate, VAS anxiety score, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score, and salivary amylase activity. The operators who are in charge of haemodialysis access cannulation will be blind to the listening condition and VAS report.DiscussionThe proposed study has several methodological benefits. First, using white noise is a suitable control condition for addressing the role of sound in pain management. Additionally, using a crossover design with repeated measurements can help control individual differences between participants, which should better distinguish between- and within-participant variability. Overall, music therapy is a safe and inexpensive intervention that does not have the problematic side effects typically associated with pharmacological treatment. If effective, music therapy can be easily implemented for reducing pain and anxiety during cannulation.Trial registrationThis trial was prospectively registered to UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on 1 July 2018 (UMIN 000032850).

Therapeutic of Candesartan and Music Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy with Depression in Rats

“…It uses the physical function of sound waves to act on human sensory organs through the melody, speed, and tone of musical instruments and directly produces resonance effect on organs in the body [ 22 ]. When the vibration produced by music resonates with the internal organs, it can play a role through complex neurohumoral regulation, reduce the release of stress hormones such as cortisol, and affect the release of endorphin [ 23 ]. In this study, the pathological results showed that different degrees of deep staining and vacuolation injury were observable in the hippocampal tissue after the establishment of diabetes mellitus with depression model, and the apoptosis of retinal tissue was significantly increased; after treatment with candesartan and music, the number of vacuolation cells in the hippocampus was reduced, and the apoptosis of retinal tissue was also reduced.…”

Individualized lung protective ventilation vs. conventional ventilation during general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy

“…The background dose was 2 ml/h and the bolus dose was 2 ml. Post-operative analgesia was provided for at least 48 h to achieve a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of <3 (25). If the VAS score was ≥3, intravenous tramadol (50 mg) was to be administered for remedial analgesia, but none of the patients was given tramadol in the present study as the VAS scores were ≥3.…”

Musicoterapia durante a Hemodiálise: Uma Revisão de Literatura

“…Musicoterapia nesses dois casos, os profissionais se utilizaram de musicoterapia receptiva (música ao vivo -voz e violão) e o uso de equipamentos eletrônicos para veicular música erudita). Consideramos ser fundamental investigar a melhor maneira de intervir por meio da musicoterapia receptiva, se através de música ao vivo ou gravada 15,19 .…”

“…Notamos que parâmetros como dor, ansiedade e depressão são os objetivos mais presentes nas pesquisas levantadas; esses sinais e sintomas se apresentam como relevantes para a intervenção musicoterapêutica. Somente um dos artigos também avaliou a associação desses com parâmetros clínicos, indicativo de dados confiáveis e importantes para avaliação dos benefícios terapêuticos que podem ser alcançados pela intervenção 19 .…”