Effectiveness of Macroinvertebrate Species to Discern Pollution Levels in Aquatic Environment

Abstract

The World is transforming more rapidly than ever before as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Such unrelenting destruction of nature has surpassed the capacity of mother Earth to support the aquatic ecosystem. Apart from freshwater macroinvertebrate species, there is no single measure of declining freshwater ecosystem that can capture either the short and long-term changes or the trend of overall freshwater ecosystem health. In that regard, the macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical variables were used as surrogates to determine levels of impairment within and between Pangani and Wami-Ruvu rivers' basins in Tanzania. Spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate communities in the basins is significantly influenced by varying levels of environmental variables as a result of geomorphology and improper land uses. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) ordination showed two distinct patterns of biometrics that clearly discriminate reference sites from monitoring sites at each basin and consequently demonstrate the differences in water quality and physical habitat between the site categories. Similarly, distinctive macroinvertebrate species were observed and varied considerably among the site categories in the studied rivers as a function of tolerance levels. Impacted sites are characterized by either absence of any sensitive taxa or presence of few if any; greater dominance of only a few taxa that are tolerant to pollution. Therefore, the more diverse orders with a wider range of occurrences and tolerance to pollution (Ephemeroptera (E), Diptera (D), Odonata (O) and Trichoptera (T)) can be considered as potential bio-indicators in developing biomonitoring index for Tropical African Rivers as they showed a significant discriminating power that separated reference from monitoring sites.

Assessment of Water Quality Index in Anzali Lagoon using Multivariate Analysis

“…Statistical methods: Data were tested for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality before applying the parametric tests. To detect the site's effects on Physicochemical variables, the General Linear Model (GLM) under ANOVA was applied 11 . A pairwise comparison based on the Tukeyʼs method was used 12 .…”

A Comparison of Two Macroinvertebrate Multi-Plate Sampling Methods to Inform Great Lakes Monitoring and Remediation Efforts

“…Regarding the less commonly used metrics that we chose, Weigel and Dimick [13] found that insect taxa richness had one of the highest inverse correlations with disturbance of 47 metric variations that they evaluated. Metrics that utilize tolerance values and/or functional feeding group (FFG) information are used by 96% of US state bioassessment programs [10] [29], and world-wide [16] [30]. Though not widely used, Weigel and Dimick [13] found that percent tolerant collector-gatherers (C-G) metric had a high correlation with disturbance.…”