Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines against COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Hua, Qiaoli; Zheng, Danwen; Yu, Bo; Tan, Xinghua; Chen, Qiumin; Wang, Longde; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Yuntao; Weng, Heng; Cai, Yihang; Xu, Xiaotian; Feng, Bing; Zheng, Guangjuan; Ding, Banghan; Guo, Jianwen; Zhang, Zhongde

doi:10.3390/vaccines10101753

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“… 1–2 - 5–8 The two-dose (mRNA and inactivated vaccines) VEs were reported to be 50.5–74.6% against the Delta variant infection and 0–44% against the Omicron variant infection. 9–15 Limited data showed that the three-dose (mRNA vaccines) VE was 86.0–93.7% against the Delta variant infection and 7–47.4% against the Omicron variant infection. 15–17 These findings confirmed the substantially decreased protection from the booster dose against the Omicron variant infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.2 in China: A case–control study

Zhang

Wang²,

et al. 2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Real-world evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines marketed in China against the Omicron BA.2.2 variant remains scarce. A case–control study was conducted to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines marketed in China (inactivated vaccines, an Ad5-nCoV vaccine, and a recombinant protein vaccine). There were 414 cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 828 close contacts whose test results were consecutively negative as controls during the outbreak of the Omicron variant in Lu’an City, Anhui Province, China, in April 2022. The overall adjusted VE against Omicron BA.2.2 variant infection in the vaccinated group with any COVID-19 vaccine was 35.0% (95% CI: −9.1–61.3%), whereas the adjusted VE for booster vaccination was 51.6% (95% CI: 15.2–72.4%). Subgroup analysis showed that the overall adjusted VE of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine (65.8%, 95% CI: 12.8–86.6%) during the outbreak while any dose of inactivated vaccines and recombinant protein vaccine offered no protection. The adjusted VE of three-dose inactivated vaccines was 48.0% (95% CI: 8.0–70.6%), and the two-dose Ad5-nCoV vaccine was 62.9% (95% CI: 1.8–86%). There is no protection from a three-dose recombinant protein vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines offered 46.8% (95% CI: 9.5–68.7%) protection from infection within six months. There were statistically significant differences between the VEs of heterologous booster (VE = 76.4%, 95% CI: 14.3–93.5%) and homologous booster vaccination (VE = 51.8%, 95% CI: 9.6–74.3%) ( P = .036). Booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines offered more protection than full vaccination. A booster vaccination campaign for a booster dose after three doses of a recombinant protein vaccine must be urgently conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.2 in China: A case–control study

Zhang

Wang²,

et al. 2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) was first reported in December 2019 and then rapidly spread to the rest of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large amount of evidence has indicated that vaccinations are particularly effective in reducing the incidence of severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. To date, more than 200 COVID-19 vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, and more than 50 of these candidates have started clinical trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity

Wang

Shi

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The association between peptic ulcer disease and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconclusive across individual studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and COVID-19 severity through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, EMBASE, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PubMed) were retrieved for all eligible studies. The Stata 11.2 software was used for all statistical analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis model. The heterogeneity was evaluated by the inconsistency index (I2) and Cochran’s Q test. Egger’s analysis and Begg’s analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias. Meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were done to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. Totally, our findings based on confounding variables-adjusted data indicated that there was no significant association between peptic ulcer disease and the higher risk for COVID-19 severity (pooled OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97–1.41) based on 15 eligible studies with 4,533,426 participants. When the subgroup analysis was performed by age (mean or median), there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among studies with age ≥ 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32), but not among studies with age < 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89–1.50). Our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among older patients but not among younger patients.

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“…As of 26 October 2022, 624 million patients have been confirmed with the COVID-19 diagnosis globally of which 6.5 million patients have died [ 1 ]. Vaccines have shown to be very effective against severe COVID-19 disease and mortality [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]; it is also important to understand risk factors (e.g., to decide whom to prioritize for vaccination). Until now, several variables (age, sex, and certain past medical history) have been identified as risk factors for COVID-19 mortality [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbid Asthma Increased the Risk for COVID-19 Mortality in Asia: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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We aimed to explore the influence of comorbid asthma on the risk for mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asia by using a meta-analysis. Electronic databases were systematically searched for eligible studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated by using a random-effect model. An inconsistency index (I2) was utilized to assess the statistical heterogeneity. A total of 103 eligible studies with 198,078 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the meta-analysis; our results demonstrated that comorbid asthma was significantly related to an increased risk for COVID-19 mortality in Asia (pooled OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20–1.68; I2 = 70%, p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses by the proportion of males, setting, and sample sizes generated consistent findings. Meta-regression indicated that male proportion might be the possible sources of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis exhibited the reliability and stability of the overall results. Both Begg’s analysis (p = 0.835) and Egger’s analysis (p = 0.847) revealed that publication bias might not exist. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with comorbid asthma might bear a higher risk for mortality in Asia, at least among non-elderly individuals.

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Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines against COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.2 in China: A case–control study

Effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.2 in China: A case–control study

A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity

Comorbid Asthma Increased the Risk for COVID-19 Mortality in Asia: A Meta-Analysis

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