Effectiveness of implementing link nurses and audits and feedback to improve nurses’ compliance with standard precautions: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Hand-hygiene-related clinical trials reported between 2014 and 2020: a comprehensive systematic review

“…All of these studies used both education and performance feedback as part of their intervention. Where educational interventions were described in detail, they were provided through video [43], training in HH by the clinical microbiology team [12], interactive lessons [64,84,85] or dissemination of training materials focused on HH technique [63]. One study [83] used a multi-faceted educational intervention including games, videos, poster competitions, demonstrations, lectures, displays and dissemination of educational materials.…”

“…One study [83] used a multi-faceted educational intervention including games, videos, poster competitions, demonstrations, lectures, displays and dissemination of educational materials. Performance feedback was derived from staff during active work [43,84], at staff meetings [12], using a whiteboard visible in the staff area [82], or was not described in detail [63,85] implemented a positive feedback programme through a recognition and awards programme for good HH compliance [83].…”

“…Supply of HH infrastructure, including ABHR, was used in two studies [82]. Five of the eight studies that used a combination of four interventions [12,43,82,84,85] used a meaningful leadership intervention, and two studies involved teamwork as part of their intervention [63,64].…”

“…Leadership and teamwork interventions are discussed in more detail at the end of this section. Monitoring [82,85] and interviews [84] were noted as elements of interventions; however, these were not described as discrete interventions.…”

“…The link nurses also distributed information to staff at meetings, prepared information bulletin boards, and provided on-the-spot feedback when compliance was breached. The study by Donati et al also used link nurses who received separate HH training and were appointed as leaders responsible for promoting HH amongst their peer staff group [85] administrative feedback to staff as part of their intervention [86]. In the study by Mu et al, monitoring was performed by the department of HAI management who produced quarterly reports on HH [82].…”