Effectiveness of high energy electron beam against spore forming bacteria and viruses in slurry

Skowron, Krzysztof; Paluszak, Zbigniew; Olszewska, H.; Wieczorek, Magdalena; Zimek, Z.; Śrutek, Mścisław

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.04.001

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The G value represents the amount of radiolytic species that is produced per 100 eV of absorbed energy. Since the size of viral genomes is generally smaller than that of bacteria or eukaryotes, higher doses have to be applied for complete inactivation [20,21]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens Inactivated by Low-Energy-Electron Irradiation Maintain Antigenic Properties and Induce Protective Immune Responses

Fertey

Bayer

Grünwald

et al. 2016

Viruses

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Inactivated vaccines are commonly produced by incubating pathogens with chemicals such as formaldehyde or β-propiolactone. This is a time-consuming process, the inactivation efficiency displays high variability and extensive downstream procedures are often required. Moreover, application of chemicals alters the antigenic components of the viruses or bacteria, resulting in reduced antibody specificity and therefore stimulation of a less effective immune response. An alternative method for inactivation of pathogens is ionizing radiation. It acts very fast and predominantly damages nucleic acids, conserving most of the antigenic structures. However, currently used irradiation technologies (mostly gamma-rays and high energy electrons) require large and complex shielding constructions to protect the environment from radioactivity or X-rays generated during the process. This excludes them from direct integration into biological production facilities. Here, low-energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is presented as an alternative inactivation method for pathogens in liquid solutions. LEEI can be used in normal laboratories, including good manufacturing practice (GMP)- or high biosafety level (BSL)-environments, as only minor shielding is necessary. We show that LEEI efficiently inactivates different viruses (influenza A (H3N8), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1)) and bacteria (Escherichia coli) and maintains their antigenicity. Moreover, LEEI-inactivated influenza A viruses elicit protective immune responses in animals, as analyzed by virus neutralization assays and viral load determination upon challenge. These results have implications for novel ways of developing and manufacturing inactivated vaccines with improved efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens Inactivated by Low-Energy-Electron Irradiation Maintain Antigenic Properties and Induce Protective Immune Responses

Fertey

Bayer

Grünwald

et al. 2016

Viruses

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“…On the other hand, there is a potential for pathogen survival in response to mitigation of inactivation dose. Accordingly, assessment of optimal inactivation dose is considered to be one of the major challenges in the preparation of γ‐inactivated vaccines 61,62,64,69,70 …”

Section: Inactivation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation methods for whole influenza vaccine production

Sabbaghi

Miri

Keshavarz

et al. 2019

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Despite tremendous efforts toward vaccination, influenza remains an ongoing global threat. The induction of strain‐specific neutralizing antibody responses is a common phenomenon during vaccination with the current inactivated influenza vaccines, so the protective effect of these vaccines is mostly strain‐specific. There is an essential need for the development of next‐generation vaccines, with a broad range of immunogenicity against antigenically drifted or shifted influenza viruses. Here, we evaluate the potential of whole inactivated vaccines, based on chemical and physical methods, as well as new approaches to generate cross‐protective immune responses. We also consider the mechanisms by which some of these vaccines may induce CD8+ T‐cells cross‐reactivity with different strains of influenza. In this review, we have focused on conventional and novel methods for production of whole inactivated influenza vaccine. As well as chemical modification, using formaldehyde or β‐propiolactone and physical manipulation by ultraviolet radiation or gamma‐irradiation, novel approaches, including visible ultrashort pulsed laser, and low‐energy electron irradiation are discussed. These two latter methods are considered to be attractive approaches to design more sophisticated vaccines, due to their ability to maintain most of the viral antigenic properties during inactivation and potential to produce cross‐protective immunity. However, further studies are needed to validate them before they can replace traditional methods for vaccine manufacturing.

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“…The literature addressing the efficacy of viral inactivation in liquid matrices by electron beam [1,2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] has been summarized in (Table 1). The liquid matrices have included a variety of aqueous tissue culture reagents, including culture media (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium [DMEM], Minimal Essential Medium [Opti-MEM], RPMI 1640), buffered salt solutions (Hank's balanced salt solution [HBSS], phosphate buffered saline [PBS]), bovine serum, and bovine manure slurry (4.0% dry matter) and tap water.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Electron Beam For Virus Inactivation In Liquid Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Electron Beam for Viral Inactivation

Plavsic¹

2015

J Microb Biochem Technol

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The utility of electron beam as a physical approach for viral inactivation has been investigated to a limited extent, particularly for food safety and for applications for which other irradiation approaches such as gamma irradiation have produced unsatisfactory results or adverse impacts on the irradiated material. Viral inactivation by electron beam and gamma irradiation is mechanistically similar, though dose rate and penetrability into the irradiated material differ between the two approaches. In this paper, we have summarized the available data on the efficacy of electron beam for viral inactivation and the few studies that have directly compared the efficacy of electron beam and gamma irradiation for viral inactivation.

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Effectiveness of high energy electron beam against spore forming bacteria and viruses in slurry

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Pathogens Inactivated by Low-Energy-Electron Irradiation Maintain Antigenic Properties and Induce Protective Immune Responses

Pathogens Inactivated by Low-Energy-Electron Irradiation Maintain Antigenic Properties and Induce Protective Immune Responses

Inactivation methods for whole influenza vaccine production

Efficacy of Electron Beam for Viral Inactivation

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